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Introduction External fixators (EF) are essential tools in trauma emergencies. EF in the emergency department (ED) is used as a provisional method for stabilizing complex, open fractures, for treating fractures in the presence of burns
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exceeds 9.3 kPa continuously for more than 2–3 h. To date, however, there are no clear recommendations as to how long a pelvic truss can be safely maintained ( 20 ). Supra-acetabular external fixation and pelvic C-clamp Anterior external fixators
Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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.0%) 8 (66.7%) 4 (33.3%) 12 (100%) External fixator 5 (62.5%) 3 (37.5%) 3 (37.5%) 5 (62.5%) 8 (100 %) Symphyseal plating 5 (100%) 0 (0.0%) 4 (80.0%) 1 (20.0%) 5 (100%) Iliosacral plating 1 (100%) 0 (0
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approach using external fixation is recommended in complex patterns and high-energy trauma, especially in cases of axial instability. Knee-spanning external fixators can be used to approximate the fracture fragments by the process of ligamentotaxis. 1 , 6
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
AO Foundation, LEGEC Expert Group, Davos, Switzerland
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distraction external fixator and a subperiosteal metaphyseal osteotomy is performed. The bone callus that forms in the osteotomy focus is elongated progressively. This technique is usually selected in cases where the desired elongation is greater than or equal
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bone deformities. 7 Different devices are used for limb lengthening, including monolateral fixators, circular external fixators or intramedullary nail. Regardless of the method, complications may occur, 7 and one of the major concern relates
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external fixation with or without limited ORIF can be a good option. Hybrid external fixators are attached to the distal tibial epiphysis through a partial ring with tensioned wires. Proximally, the hybrid fixator is constructed from conventional external
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four external fixators, two expandable nails, 16 plates and six conservative treatments with plaster of Paris. All had undergone a change to a reamed IM nail, with a 2-cm fibular osteotomy resection and with application of autograft obtained from
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Klinik Gut, St. Moritz, Switzerland
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AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Switzerland
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joint is less important compared to the younger population. Suboptimal bone density with poor peripheral blood supply and compromised soft tissue may restrict internal fixation opportunities and may require other options like external fixator
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the extended fingers are the two most common cosmetic reasons presented by the patients. 16 , 18 The most common technique in regard to metacarpal lengthening is gradual distraction/bone lengthening with an external fixator ( Fig. 3 ). Cosmesis as
