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chronic persistent infected non-union which may be very difficult to eradicate. 4 , 5 Considering the importance of diagnosing and treating an infected fracture, it is surprising that it is only very recently that an accepted definition of fracture
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Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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-microbiological criteria. How do we define a prosthetic joint infection? Prior to 2011, there was no agreed PJI definition. To address this, the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) in the USA proposed a ‘gold standard’ definition based on the presence of one
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Introduction The definition of the term “shoulder pseudoparalysis” remains controversial amongs clinicians ( 1 ), with regards to the degree and direction of impaired active shoulder motion, chronicity, whether it is traumatic or atraumatic
King’s Global Health Partnerships, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Department of Orthopaedics, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital Manila, The Phillipines
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complexity of managing FRI well, experts came together to discuss definitions and management principles. The International Consensus Meeting (ICM) Orthopaedic Trauma Work Group and the International Fracture Related Infection Consensus Group were born out of
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Objective
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To this day, diagnostic standards and uniform definition for acute, isolated syndesmotic injuries are missing. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of the classification systems and diagnostics currently applied and to propose a best evidence diagnostic approach.
Methods
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Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase were searched from inception to June 5, 2022, for studies reporting the outcome of surgically treated acute, isolated syndesmotic injuries. First, all classifications used in the eligible studies were identified and illustrated according to the individual syndesmotic structures injured. Second, the indication for surgery and stabilization, based on the diagnostics applied and the time point assessed (pre- or intra-operatively), was analyzed, including the applied cutoff criteria.
Results
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Ten out of 4190 studies, comprising 317 acute ligamentous syndesmotic injuries, met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies facilitated one of the three different classification systems (Calder, West Point, or Sikka classification). Eight studies based their indication for surgery on a combination of clinical and radiographic examinations and two on radiographs only. The most applied clinical tests were the external rotation stress test and squeeze test. The most common radiologic diagnostics were plain radiographs and MRI. Intraoperatively, instability was verified most commonly using arthroscopy.
Conclusion
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Current classifications and diagnostics for syndesmotic injuries are heterogeneous, often cannot be attributed to the ligaments injured. An evidence-based diagnostic algorithm based on noninvasive diagnostics and an anatomy-based classification for acute syndesmotic instability is presented.
Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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enable to detect any safety issues that occur with low frequency much earlier. Both of these are only possible if there is consistency in the indicator definitions and methods used to collect data, as these will determine the frequency of occurrence. For
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employed definitions of longitudinal forearm instabilities referred to as EL injuries, IOM injuries or longitudinal radioulnar dissociation (LRUD). Additionally, we aimed to establish if the definition used affected reported outcome 1 year after surgical
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FORE (Foundation for Research and Teaching in Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Trauma, and Imaging in the Musculoskeletal System), Meyrin, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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described as shoulder instability in two or more directions ( 1 ). Since then, however, there have been differences in the literature regarding the exact definition and classification of MDI. There are several reasons for the discrepancies in definition. MDI
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma Care, Surgery Department, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma Care, Surgery Department, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma Care, Surgery Department, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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length difference, and those of the cup and stem such as inclination/anteversion ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). One of these particularly crucial parameters that has received a great deal of research attention is offset. All three definitions of offsets are
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an absolute indication for surgical management in tuberculosis of the spine (TB spine). 1 , 2 Over the years, a number of authors have used different working definitions for spinal instability in TB. However, no clear consensus exists to date
