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Introduction Clavicle fractures are common fractures, comprising 5% to 10% of all fractures. 1 They occur due to falls on the lateral aspect of the shoulder, the outstretched hand or due to high-energy direct impact over the bone. The
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and treat. Patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR) may require adjuvant distal clavicle resection (DCR) if they have signs of ACJ arthropathy ( 5 , 6 , 7 ), but DCR is not always recommended as it can cause pain, stiffness, instability, and
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acromion inferiorly while the clavicle maintains its anatomical position, resulting in a variable disruption of the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. This mechanism of injury was first described by Cadenat. 10 There is a sequential
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the sternoclavicular joint The sternoclavicular joint is a diarthrodial saddle joint formed by the sternal end of the clavicle, the clavicular notch of the manubrium and the cartilage of the first rib. The intra-articular disc, anterior and posterior
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ligament sprain in children and young adults, as well as distal clavicle fractures, can lead to CC dislocation on radiographs; these are called “AC joint pseudo-dislocations”. 4 Classification and diagnosis Several classifications have been
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instability. 14 Distal clavicle fractures A distal clavicle fracture happens in between 10% and 17% of all clavicle fractures. 15 Neer’s type 2 fracture often develops nonunion 15 , 16 and even surgical treatment can have a high frequency
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clavicle and tibial fractures, but also liver and spleen injuries. 12 This may well reflect the influence of the seatbelt on the distribution of dissipated energy. Motorcycle injuries often result in force being applied downwards on the shoulder and
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( Table 2 ). 23 , 24 A tendency towards operative treatment was even seen in humerus shaft, humerus proximal and clavicle shaft fractures in which non-operative treatment was commonly preferred ( Table 2 ). 20 , 25 – 27 While operative treatment
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metatarsals and metacarpals, mallet fingers, distal radius, elbow fat pad sign or child’s clavicle. 11 Such cases are given both verbal and written advice directly in the ED, prior to discharge without follow up. The written advice explains the injury
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. Ganz and Noesberger were the first to describe the concept of a ‘floating shoulder’. 18 In this entity of fractures, the neck fragment is unstable because the suspensory and stabilising functions of the clavicle are lost. 19 Diagnosis
