National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
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National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK.
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Introduction The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines chronic pain as pain persisting for three months or longer. 1 Chronic post-surgical pain is widely accepted to be pain of at least three to six months
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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Department of Surgery, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Introduction The use of radiofrequency (RF, also known as rhizotomy or neurotomy) for managing chronic pain was first reported in 1931 when Kirschner described the management of trigeminal neuralgia by applying RF to the Gasserian ganglion ( 1
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SUNY Downstate Medical School, New York City, New York, USA
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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on the extent of the curvature, with simple observation and bracing for mild cases and surgical management for severe cases ( 13 , 14 ). Despite optimal management, AIS can continue into adulthood and result in chronic pain, disability, and
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Finger joints are of the most common site of osteoarthritis and include the DIP, PIP and the thumb saddle joint.
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Joint arthroplasty provides the best functional outcome for painful destroyed PIP joints, including the index finger.
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Adequate bone stock and functional tendons are required for a successful PIP joint replacement
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Fixed swan-neck and boutonnière deformity are better served with PIP arthrodesis rather than arthroplasty.
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Silicone implants are the gold standard in terms of implant choice. Newer two-component joints may have potential to correct lateral deformities and improve lateral stability.
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Different surgical approaches are used for PIP joint implant arthroplasty according to the needs and the experience of the surgeon.
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Post-operative rehabilitation is as critical as the surgical procedure. Early protected motion is a treatment goal.
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Revision and exchange PIP arthroplasty may successfully be used to treat chronic pain, but will not correct deformity.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180042
Orthopaedic Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
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University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Even though fifth metatarsal fractures represent one of the most common injuries of the lower limb, there is no consensus regarding their classification and treatment, while the term ‘Jones’ fracture has been used inconsistently in the literature.
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In the vast majority of patients, Zone 1 fractures are treated non-operatively with good outcomes.
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Treatment of Zone 2 and 3 fractures remains controversial and should be individualized according to the patient’s needs and the ‘personality’ of the fracture.
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If treated operatively, anatomic reduction and intramedullary fixation with a single screw, with or without biologic augmentation, remains the ‘gold standard’ of management; recent reports however report good outcomes with open reduction and internal fixation with specifically designed plating systems.
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Common surgical complications include hardware failure or irritation of the soft tissues, refracture, non-union, sural nerve injury, and chronic pain.
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Patients should be informed of the different treatment options and be part of the decision process, especially where time for recovery and returning to previous activities is of essence, such as in the case of high-performance, elite athletes.
Department of Bone And Joint Diseases, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province. Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
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Department of Bone And Joint Diseases, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province. Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
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thrombosis, chronic pain, pruritus, and sedation). Data were independently extracted and inputted into an Excel spreadsheet, and the risk of bias for each eligible article was assessed by two authors. Disagreements were resolved during meetings with all
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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explaining the development of chronic pain ( 43 ). This model contains two pathways: persons who after injury experience pain, catastrophize, develop a pain-related fear, avoid pain, and will disuse and become inactive. According to the model, this group of
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’ ( 1 ). Chronic pain is pain that persists for more than 3 months, even if the injury has healed. Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most prevalent causes of chronic pain worldwide, characterized by discomfort in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, and
Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Bone and Joint Research Team of Degeneration and Injury, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
The fifth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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( 1 , 2 ). Especially for patients with moderate to severe OA, the effective management of chronic pain associated with OA is a major concern for clinicians. Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids are currently the dominant
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contributes to chronic pain, which also highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management following TKR. 113 , 114 In addition, with reduced revision frequency, the risks patients are exposed to from invasive surgical procedures are
