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Irina-Anca Eremia Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Mihnea Popa Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Adela Iancu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Silvia Nica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Catalin Cirstoiu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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intervention. These interventions aim to alleviate symptoms, especially since RCC bone metastases tend to be osteolytic ( 11 ). Even with advancements like T cell checkpoint and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, managing bone metastasis remains challenging ( 12 , 13

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Stijn E. W. Geraets Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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P. Koen Bos Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Johan van der Stok Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction Due to constantly improving treatments that prolong the palliative phase of many different cancers, the incidence of bone metastases is increasing. 1 Nowadays, over two-thirds of patients receiving palliative care will

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Miklós Szendrői Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Imre Antal Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Attila Szendrői Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Áron Lazáry National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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Péter Pál Varga National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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diagnostic problem or if ablative surgery is planned. Evaluating laboratory findings, the patient’s condition and the local stage of the tumour, we can decide whether to perform radical or palliative surgery. In cases with multiple bone metastases, surgery

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Catalin Cirstoiu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Cretu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Sergiu Iordache Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Mihnea Popa Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Introduction The most common malignant bone tumors are bone metastases, which are caused by visceral tumors and primary hematopoietic neoformations. With the evolution of oncological treatments, which have led to increased survival of cancer

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Maria A. Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria

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Dimosthenis Andreou Department of General Orthopaedics and Tumour Orthopaedics, University Hospital Muenster, Germany

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Per-Ulf Tunn Tumour Orthopaedics, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Germany

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria

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  • Tumour endoprostheses have facilitated limb-salvage procedures in primary bone and soft tissue sarcomas, and are increasingly being used in symptomatic metastases of the long bones.

  • The objective of the present review was to analyse articles published over the last three years on tumour endoprostheses and to summarize current knowledge on this topic. The NCBI PubMed webpage was used to identify original articles published between January 2015 and April 2018 in journals with an impact factor in the top 25.9% of the respective category (orthopaedics, multidisciplinary sciences).

  • The following search-terms were used: tumour endoprosthesis, advances tumour endoprosthesis, tumour megaprosthesis, prosthetic reconstruction AND tumour. We identified 347 original articles, of which 53 complied with the abovementioned criteria.

  • Articles were categorized into (1) tumour endoprostheses in the shoulder girdle, (2) tumour endoprostheses in the proximal femur, (3) tumour endoprostheses of the knee region, (4) tumour endoprostheses in the pelvis, (5) (expandable) prostheses in children and (6) long-term results of tumour endoprostheses.

  • The topics of interest covered by the selected studies largely matched with the main research questions stated at a consensus meeting, with survival outcome of orthopaedic implants being the most commonly raised research question.

  • As many studies reported on the risk of deep infections, research in the future should also focus on potential preventive methods in endoprosthetic tumour reconstruction.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:445-459. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180081

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Julie J. Willeumier Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Yvette M. van der Linden Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Michiel A.J. van de Sande Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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P.D. Sander Dijkstra Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Bone metastases arise most commonly in patients suffering from breast, prostate, kidney or lung cancer. 1 Two-thirds of all patients dying of cancer reportedly develop bone metastases; 2 however, a modern, image-based study would

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Elisa Pala Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Alberto Procura Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Giulia Trovarelli Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Antonio Berizzi Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Pietro Ruggieri Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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metastasize to the bone. Still, the most frequent histotypes are breast cancer, pulmonary cancer (non-small cell lung cancer), thyroid, and prostatic cancer ( 1 ). These four histotypes account for 80% of all bone metastases ( 1 ). There are various

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Antal Imre Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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Sápi Zoltán Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest

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Szendrői Miklós Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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regarding anti-angiogenesis. It is approved and successfully used in the treatment of hypervascularised bone metastases of renal cell carcinoma. Wang et al. ( 60 ) presented a case report in 2019 of an effective combined treatment of denosumab and

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Morten Schultz Larsen Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark

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Hagen Schmal Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark

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, a fracture was reported following daily ibandronate prescribed for bone metastases in breast cancer. 22 Since the application of antiresorptive drugs in these patients is also employed in long-term settings, this phenomenon is expected to become

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Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Anko Elijah Essien Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Masoud Rahmati Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

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Michael Opoku Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Dong Keon Yon Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Guillermo F López Sánchez Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

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Ai Koyanagi Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain

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Lee Smith Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK

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Jae Il Shin Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Wenfeng Xiao Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Shuguang Liu Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Yusheng Li Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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experiments; v) study subjects with non-osteoporotic fractures; or non-vertebral fractures; vi) study subjects with secondary osteoporosis, such as (GIOP, malignant tumor associated bone diseases, bone metastases); vii) study subjects participants with

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