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relevance, recentness, quality of research and citations. Fig. 1 summarizes the methods of research. Fig. 1 Flowchart showing how articles were selected and reviewed. Arthrofibrosis Arthrofibrosis is the excessive production of collagen
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rehabilitation. Future research needs to provide further evidence of the role of possible inflammatory genes and novel pharmacological management strategies in the battle against arthrofibrosis. ICMJE conflict of interest statement The authors declare
Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA
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Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA
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cartilage; C, capsule; FH, femoral head; L, labrum. Prevention of arthrofibrosis and treatment options Adhesion formation is a risk after primary and subsequent revision hip arthroscopy, but there have been advances over the years in
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hospital San José – Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
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Shoulder, Elbow Unit, Sportsclinicnumber1, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Campus Stiftung Lindenhof Bern, Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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Shoulder stiffness is a frequent complication after proximal humeral fractures treated with or without surgery. Shoulder stiffness is associated with high rates of absence from work and a significant financial burden for the healthcare system.
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Secondary stiffness is characterized by additional extracapsular adhesions, including subacromial, subcoracoid, and subdeltoid spaces, usually derived from post-fracture or post-surgical extraarticular hematomas.
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Several secondary causes may coexist with capsular and extracapsular adhesions decreasing the shoulder motion, such as malunion, nonunion, metalwork failure, infection, and osteoarthritis, among others.
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Conservative treatment, usually prescribed for primary shoulder stiffness, has shown unfavorable results in secondary stiffness, and surgical intervention may be required.
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Surgical interventions need to be patient-specific. Usually, open or arthroscopic fibro-arthrolysis and subacromial release are performed, together with plate removal and biceps tenotomy/tenodesis. In severe osteoarthritis, shoulder replacement may be indicated. Ruling out infection is recommended in every case.
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superior pole of the patella. Arthrofibrosis Arthrofibrosis is defined as knee stiffness after TKA, which is a serious complication. The loss of movement, mainly in extension, is poorly tolerated, especially in younger and more active
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initially to have better functional outcomes than complete revisions. 10 However, the failure rate was reported as being significantly higher for IPE. 6 , 11 IPE has been reported for polyethylene wear, infection and arthrofibrosis. All the
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) Instability Arthrofibrosis Popliteal artery injury Common peroneal nerve injury Compartment syndrome due to fluid extravasation Symptomatic heterotopic ossification Wound problems
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native stiff knee. The term ‘arthrofibrosis’ has often been interchangeably employed with the term ‘stiff knee’, even if they are two different conditions. Knee stiffness has been described as a knee range of motion (ROM) of less than 50° ( 5
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correlation between postoperative stiffness and medical comorbidities, including diabetes. They found a significant correlation between pre and postoperative decreased patellar height and a postoperative stiff TKA. 15 The term ‘arthrofibrosis’ has been
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reconstruction, the risk of arthrofibrosis associated with early ACL reconstruction, and the associated loss of muscle strength due to inactivity when surgery is delayed. The number of patients that will sustain a meniscus tear in a previously intact meniscus
