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Marx RG Jones EC Angel M Wickiewicz TL Warren RF . Beliefs and attitudes of members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons regarding the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury . Arthroscopy 2003
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SH . Analysis of risk factors for ramp lesions associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury . Am J Sports Med 2020 ; 48 : 1673 – 1681 . 22. Balazs GC Greditzer HG IV Wang D et al. Ramp lesions of
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The medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the posterior oblique ligament (POL) are the main static valgus restraints of the knee.
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Most isolated medial injuries can be treated with bracing and early knee motion.
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Combined MCL and ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries can be managed with bracing of the knee followed by a delayed reconstruction of the ACL.
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Residual medial laxity may be addressed at the time of ACL surgery.
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Bony avulsions, incarceration of the distal MCL under the meniscus or over the pes anserinus tendons, open injuries, MCL tears combined with PCL or bi-cruciate injuries should be treated surgically.
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Chronic symptomatic medial instability can be managed with the recently described reconstruction techniques using free tendon grafts located at anatomical insertion sites.
Cite this article: Tandogan NR, Kayaalp A. Surgical treatment of medial knee ligament injuries: Current indications and techniques. EFORT Open Rev 2016;2:27-33. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000007.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
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Sports Med 2016 ; 44 : 1502 – 1507 . 2. Gans I Retzky JS Jones LC Tanaka MJ . Epidemiology of recurrent anterior cruciate ligament injuries in national collegiate athletic association sports: the Injury
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ZJ Ni QK & Feng Z . Lateral meniscus posterior root lesion influences anterior tibial subluxation of the lateral compartment in extension after anterior cruciate ligament injury . American Journal of Sports Medicine 2020 48 838 – 846 . ( https
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commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. References 1 Griffin LY , Agel J , Albohm MJ , et al. . Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: risk factors and prevention
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-acute anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL SNNAP): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial . Lancet 2022 400 605 – 615 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(2201424-6 ) 6. Grassi A Pizza N Al-Zu'bi BBH Fabbro GD Lucidi GA & Zaffagnini S
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associated with this type of fracture, including meniscal injury, anterior cruciate ligament injury, patellar or quadriceps tendon avulsion and compartment syndrome (reports from 3–4%); 14 – 16 these incidences were described in the literature prior to
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Sports Med 2006 ; 34 : 1933 - 40 . 11. Samuelsson K Andersson D Karlsson J . Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries with special reference to graft type and surgical technique: an assessment of randomized
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://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000089346.85744.D9 ) 89 Krosshaug T Nakamae A Boden BP Engebretsen L Smith G Slauterbeck JR Hewett TE Bahr R . Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: video analysis of 39 cases . American
