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Introduction Risks for the future are a source of concern for any trauma patient and are included in the settlement of personal injury claims. In the case of ankle fractures, this mainly concerns the risk of osteoarthritis and the resulting

Introduction Ankle fractures represent one of the most common injuries in elderly patients combined with a major health care burden as the elderly population is expected to more than double by the year 2050 ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). The overall 1

risk of wound dehiscence or infection ( 9 ). This study aims to provide a comprehensive review with a detailed meta-analysis of the current evidence for using a TTC nail as the primary surgical option to treat fragility ankle fractures in the elderly

Introduction Approximately one in eight patients undergoing surgical treatment for rotational ankle fracture is diabetic. 1 , 2 Complications after ankle fracture fixation in diabetics have been shown to vary between 26% and 47% versus

condition of the patient. Frailty is accelerating with the aging of the population, affecting between 25 and 50% of adults aged 85 years ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ), consequently, osteoporotic ankle fractures in frail patients are increasingly frequent in

Introduction The operative goal in the treatment of ankle fractures is well established: to restore anatomy and stability for early movement and full functional recovery, and prevent post-traumatic arthritis. However, the surgical approach

fractures patterns. 1 Ankle fractures account for approximately 5.5% of fractures in paediatric patients, and 15% of physeal injuries. 2 They are twice as common in boys than in girls. 1 Their highest incidence is between the ages of eight and

plantarflexion. Motions in the transverse (internal/external rotation) and coronal plane (varus/valgus) are coupled with motions in the sagittal plane. 24 Epidemiology Ankle fractures are common and account for up to 10% of all bone injuries with a

Introduction Management of ankle fractures has evolved over the last 10 years. As scientific (laboratory, cadaveric and clinical) research has led to better understanding of the biomechanics and patho-anatomy of the ankle, this has allowed

Both the incidence and severity of ankle fractures in elderly patients with considerable comorbidity is rising steadily in most European countries. 1 The patients are predominately women with considerable comorbidities including