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Simon Donell University of East Anglia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Norwich Medical School, UK

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Introduction Subchondral bone is the bedrock of a joint on which sits the articular cartilage. Traditionally, osteoarthritis (OA) has been considered to be wear and tear of articular cartilage, but more recent evidence has shown that

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Xiaofeng Deng Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Haoran Xu Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Xiaoxia Hao Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Jiawei Liu Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Xingru Shang Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Tao Xu Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Introduction The main pathological changes of osteoarthritis (OA) are related to cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone thickening, synovitis, and structural lesions of the joint capsules, ligaments, and associated muscles ( 1 , 2 ). The

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Hamid Rahmatullah Bin Abd Razak Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
Joint first authors

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Daniel Chew Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
Joint first authors

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Zepur Kazezian Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Anthony M.J. Bull Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a global disease with a variety of pathophysiological factors. 1 These factors can be mechanical, biological or a combination of both. Cardinal features of OA include loss of joint space and cartilage

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Mario Herrera-Pérez Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Department of Surgery, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Victor Valderrabano Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Schmerzklinik, Basel, Switzerland
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexandre L Godoy-Santos Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Israelita, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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César de César Netto Director of the UIOWA Orthopedic Functional Imaging Research Laboratory (OFIRL), Iowa, USA
Department of Orthopedic and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA

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David González-Martín Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Department of Surgery, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Sergio Tejero Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
Department of Surgery, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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Introduction Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease affecting approximately 1% of the world population, with an estimated incidence of 30 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, and corresponds to between 2 and 4% of all patients with general

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Charles Rivière MSK Lab, Imperial College London, UK
South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Stefan Lazic South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, UK

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Louis Dagneaux CHU de Montpellier, France

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Catherine Van Der Straeten London Hip Unit, UK

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Justin Cobb MSK Lab, Imperial College London, UK

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Sarah Muirhead-Allwood London Hip Unit, UK

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instructional review aims to clarify and classify the SHRs that are commonly encountered in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). Spino-pelvic parameters In order to understand and define the SHR, it is important to understand the significance of the

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Joris Duerinckx Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium

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Frederik Verstreken Monica Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium

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Introduction Osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (CMC-1) is a common problem and surgical treatment is indicated when conservative measures fail to provide sufficient relief. Of the many surgical treatment options, no

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Young Yi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital, 85, 2-ga, Jeo-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-032, Republic of Korea

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Woochun Lee Seoul Foot and Ankle Center, Dubalo Orthopaedic Clinic, 764-30, Bang bae dong, Seochogu, Seoul, 06554, Republic of Korea.

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) of the ankle occurs in approximately 1% of the population, and the majority of patients have developed secondary arthritis due to fractures around the ankle joint. 1 Primary degenerative arthritis, with no

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Daniel J. McCormack Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Darren Puttock Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Steven P. Godsiff Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

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Introduction Many patients present to orthopaedic surgeons with a painful knee attributed to osteoarthritis of the medial compartment, where the lateral compartment and patella-femoral joint are relatively spared. Traditionally, the treatment

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Hsiao-Yi Cheng Department of Primary Care Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Chun-Wei Liang School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Primary Care Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Yu-Hao Lee Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Timporn Vitoonpong Department of Rehabilitation, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bankok, Thailand

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Chun-De Liao Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Master’s Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Shih-Wei Huang Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

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Introduction Knee osteoarthritis is a common cause of disability in older adults. Current treatment strategies for knee osteoarthritis can be classified as surgical and non-surgical interventions. Total knee arthroplasty is an effective

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Serkan Bayram Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ahmet Salduz Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ahmet Müçteba Yıldırım Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Korhan Özkan Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Levent Eralp Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Retired Professor of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Harzem Özger Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Retired Professor of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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process. Iatrogenic injuries also cause joint damage, especially after knee arthroscopy ( 8 ). The development of osteoarthritis after knee surgery in patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery or diagnostic knee arthroscopy

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