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  • upper limb function x
  • Hand & Wrist x
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Elena Bravo Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Raul Barco Upper Limb Unit, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Haemophilia Orthopedic Unit, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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joint is the most affected in the upper limb (87%), followed by the glenohumeral and wrist joints. Hand joints are uncommonly affected and rarely produce arthropathy. 10 Treatment of this condition consists of preventing joint bleeding episodes and

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Lars B. Dahlin Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

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Mikael Wiberg Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, University Hospital, and Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden

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upper limb, the incidence of neuroma is low. 67 The diagnosis of a neuroma is mainly by examination with clinical findings, such as localised pain, sensory disturbances, allodynia, hyper-/dysaesthesia and a positive Tinel’s sign. In some cases

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Dimitrios A. Flevas First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Sophia Syngouna Department of Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Emmanouel Fandridis Department of Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery, KAT Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Sotirios Tsiodras Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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vessels, poor perfusion and weakened skin barrier are more likely to present in the medical cabinet with an infected upper limb. Newborns are also prone to hand infections due to their undeveloped immune systems and their sharp nail-ends that can injure

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Rita Grazina Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Sérgio Teixeira Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica, Reconstrutiva e Estética e Unidade de Queimados, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Portugal

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Renato Ramos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Henrique Sousa Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Andreia Ferreira Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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Rui Lemos Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal

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least one complication, which is important when compared with the 21.2% rate of placebo. Most complications are mild/moderate and include bruising, injection-site haemorrhage or pain, upper limb pain, tenderness, ecchymosis, pruritus, swelling, skin

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Maurizio Calcagni University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland

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Thomas Giesen University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland

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evolution of the upper limb and refinement in manipulation. Resection arthroplasties have shown great limitations in producing pain relief and stability of the DRUJ. Studies by Hagert, and Lees and Scheker made it progressively obvious that both the

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Ilse Degreef Department of Orthopaedic, Hand Unit, Leuven University Hospitals, Gasthuisberg, Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium

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Donald H Lalonde Division of Plastic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada

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in the operative field. The upper limb remains under motor control by the wide awake patient. He can help by moving reconstructed parts actively during the surgery, when certain procedures need balanced fixation or tension of joints and tendons, such

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Andrea Fidanza Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology - Department of life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy
Hand Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Stefano Necozione Unit of Clinical Epidemiology - Department of life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy

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Lorenzo Garagnani Hand Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

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, they show a significant improvement in grip strength and in the function of the upper limb. Where well described, the return to work as before shows a weighted average of 70%. Only 7 patients out of 56 (12.5%) received a work allowance, and only 9 work

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Toni Luokkala Department of Orthopaedics, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland

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Minna K. Laitinen Department of Orthopaedics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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Teemu P. Hevonkorpi Department of Orthopaedics, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

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Lauri Raittio Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

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Ville M. Mattila Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland

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Antti P. Launonen Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland

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correlate after DRF. About 20% of patients have reported some degree of symptom even years after DRF. 90 Patients may report increased pain and loss of strength, which can be related to a fear of using the upper limb. 90 In addition, depression

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