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Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Anko Elijah Essien Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Masoud Rahmati Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

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Michael Opoku Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Dong Keon Yon Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Guillermo F López Sánchez Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

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Ai Koyanagi Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain

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Lee Smith Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK

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Jae Il Shin Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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Wenfeng Xiao Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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Shuguang Liu Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Yusheng Li Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China

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advancements in therapeutic options, fractures remain alarmingly prevalent among those with PMO, particularly in areas rich in trabecular bone like the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Fractures at critical sites, such as the hip, carry significant morbidity and

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T. Fintan Moriarty AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland

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Richard Kuehl University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland

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Tom Coenye Ghent University, Belgium

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Willem-Jan Metsemakers University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium

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Mario Morgenstern Trauma Centre, Murnau, Germany

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Edward M. Schwarz University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA

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Martijn Riool AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Sebastian A.J. Zaat AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Nina Khana University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland

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Stephen L. Kates Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA

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R. Geoff Richards AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland

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osteomyelitis. Usually this includes a therapeutic approach aiming for definite eradication of the micro-organisms causing infection, but in some circumstances can entail long-term suppressive antibiotic therapy. Hence, each treatment must be tailored to the

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece

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Vasilios G. Igoumenou First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece

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Thekla Antoniadou First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece

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Panayiotis D. Megaloikonomos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece

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George Agrogiannis Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece

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Periklis Foukas Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece

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Sotirios G. Papageorgiou Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece

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deforming polyarthritis. Steroids and methotrexate or cyclophosphamide, and infliximab in refractory cases, have been proposed for the management of the disease, with no evidence showing any particular beneficial therapeutic modality whatsoever. 2

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Xinhui Wu Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Xiaoxin Fang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China

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Feng Lu Nanjing Medical University, Jiangning, Nanjing, China

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Qiong Chen Jinhua TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Junjian Liu Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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Longpo Zheng Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Orthopedic Intelligent Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

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). Over the past decade, ferroptosis has been shown to have great therapeutic potential for many diseases, including drug-resistant cancers, ischemic organ injuries, and other degenerative diseases like osteoporosis (OP). The results of existing literature

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Mara Meyer Günderoth Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany

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Alexandra Bannach-Brown Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, QUEST Center for Responsible Research, Berlin, Germany

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Tobias Winkler Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany

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Johannes Keller Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Robert Karl Zahn Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany

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Tazio Maleitzke Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
Trauma Orthopaedic Research Copenhagen Hvidovre (TORCH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

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factor levels in patients with RA ( 28 ), its bone preserving effect on the skeleton was inferior to that of alendronate ( 29 ). For OA, two large randomized-controlled trials failed to show a statistically significant therapeutic effect of sCT regarding

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Thomas Collins Trauma & Orthopaedics, Wythenshawe Hospital, Wythenshawe, UK

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Dinesh Alexander Trauma & Orthopaedics, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK

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Bilal Barkatali Trauma & Orthopaedics, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK

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concentration was significantly elevated in all systems compared to whole blood, and variation was seen with pH, RBC and neutrophil levels. The exact implications of differing compositional elements are still unknown and will be considered later in the article

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Dimitrios A. Flevas First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis D. Megaloikonomos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Leonidas Dimopoulos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Evanthia Mitsiokapa First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis Koulouvaris First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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monitoring of a patient treated with a VKA. 36 , 38 , 39 A therapeutic INR range of 2.0 to 3.0 with a target INR of 2.5 is recommended rather than a lower or higher range. It is suggested that INR monitoring should start after the initial two or three

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Anne Lübbeke Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK

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pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention’. 19 Biomarkers are especially useful as surrogates for clinical outcomes that are rare or occur very late (e.g. revision of joint replacement, mortality). According to Rigatto and Barret 18 ‘a

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Guillermo Droppelmann Research Center on Medicine, Exercise, Sport and Health, MEDS Clinic, Santiago, RM, Chile
Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Murcia, Spain
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

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Constanza Rodríguez Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, RM, Chile

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Carlos Jorquera Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, RM, Chile

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Felipe Feijoo School of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

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an efficient reduction in patient recovery times demands the full integration of the entire medical team and the implementation of highly specific therapeutic approaches. A key strategy is to enhance diagnostic capability, as increasing precision

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John-Henry Rhind Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK

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Eamon Ramhamadany Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK

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Ruaraidh Collins Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK

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Siddharth Govilkar Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK

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Debashis Dass Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK

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Stuart Hay Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK

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attended fracture clinics at regular fixed periods, the modern emphasis is to attend only when and where necessary, to reduce therapeutic inertia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the aim is to reduce face-to-face appointments, therefore a safe alternative

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