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Introduction Reviews of the early history of scapula fractures pay tribute to pioneering French surgeons, but the first study devoted entirely to scapula fractures was that by Traugott Karl August Vogt in 1799. 1 , 2 It was not until 1939
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this is an unstable joint, where the muscles of the rotator cuff stabilize the shoulder joint, and also protect the scapula well by covering it on both sides. Lesions of the glenoid cavity can occur from a dislocation of the shoulder, either caused by
These authors contributed equally to the article and should all be considered first authors
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These authors contributed equally to the article and should all be considered first authors
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These authors contributed equally to the article and should all be considered first authors
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subject were retrieved and their bibliographies searched by hand. The search was limited to articles in English. Scapular dyskinesis Normal scapular motion The normal three-dimensional (3D) kinematic pattern of the scapula (relative to the
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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secondary cuff impingement. 80 The same principle applies to the scapula, where the serratus anterior and trapezius act as the primary force couple stabilizing the scapula in abduction in the scapular plane. 81 Rehabilitation should therefore focus
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scapulae. They used as reference for the orientation of the glenoid fossa a line connecting the mid-point of the glenoid surface to the junction of the scapular spine with the vertebral border of the scapula. This line was called the transverse axis of the
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arthroplasties. 1 , 5 , 10 , 11 Method Patients undergo a pre-operative thin-cut CT scan of the entire scapula and adjacent humerus following a predefined protocol. Original two-dimensional (2D) images are uploaded to a 3D image processing software
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Introduction Scapular fractures are relatively rare and account for only 0.3–1.7% of all fractures. 1 A scapular spine fracture is a subtype accounting for 6–11% of all scapula fractures. 2 , 3 According to the classification system
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scapula and the centre of the glenoid. 3 The angle formed between the intersection of the scapular body and the glenoid surface is the method of assessing version based on the scapular body axis (scapular body method). An alternative axis has been
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
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, Irishman Alexander Macalister at the University of Cambridge, UK, had completed a full definition of this condition. 5 , 6 Understanding the developmental anatomy of the scapula remains important to surgeons confronted with affected patients. The
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shoulder’s active range of motion (ROM). It allows basic daily activities to be performed and increases the patient’s quality of life. 1 , 7 , 15 – 18 After glenohumeral fusion, the shoulder’s functional ROM is retained through scapula thoracic
