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other complications ( 7 , 8 ). The pedicle screw misplacement rates of conventional techniques are 30% and 55% in the lumbar and thoracic spines, respectively ( 9 , 10 , 11 ). This contrasts the reported high success rate of robot-assisted pedicle
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thoracic pain. Future developments Surgical endoscopic techniques have rapidly evolved in the last five years and the integration of 3D imaging and robotics are likely to be the next major changes. Robotic-assisted surgeries, for both simple and
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B Quadri SA Farooqui M et al. Impact of robot-assisted spine surgery on health care quality and neurosurgical economics: a systemic review . Neurosurg Rev 2020 ; 43 : 17 – 25 .
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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fusion (MIS-TLIF), percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PETLIF), and robot-assisted minimally invasive TLIF have emerged. These techniques have achieved good clinical efficacy in reducing iatrogenic injury, shortening hospital
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Division of Spine Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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degenerative instability: a non-randomized clinical trial . Journal of Pain Research 2021 14 3685 – 3693 . ( https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S340004 ) 34 Chang M Wang L Yuan S Tian Y Zhao Y & Liu X . Percutaneous endoscopic robot-assisted
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Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021 18 11806 . ( https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211806 ) 36 Grassini S . Virtual reality assisted non-pharmacological treatments in chronic pain management: a systematic review and quantitative