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Miguel Relvas-Silva Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, Porto, Portugal

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Bernardo Sousa Pinto MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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António Sousa Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal

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Miguel Loureiro Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
Hospital das Forças Armadas, Porto, Portugal

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André Rodrigues Pinho Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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Pedro Pereira NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, Porto, Portugal
CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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Mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RR) were used to report the results of continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. We performed random-effects meta-analyses of MD or RR (comparing outcomes in Endo-LIF with those in MIS-LIF or Open

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xuelei Zhang Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Chengxin Xie Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Department of Endocrinology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Luxia Wu Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Guoping Cai Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yu Ren Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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topical TXA (tTXA) than intravenous TXA, and the advantages of tTXA have been demonstrated in other types of surgery such as hip replacement, knee replacement, and thoracic surgery ( 10 , 11 , 12 ). Studies have produced inconsistent results on whether

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Francisca Gámiz-Bermúdez Unidad de Gestión Clínica Adra, Distrito Sanitario Poniente de Almería, Avenida Picasso, Adra, Spain

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Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain

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Esteban Obrero-Gaitán Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain

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Irene Cortés-Pérez Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain

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Noelia Zagalaz-Anula Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain

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Rafael Lomas-Vega Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain

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scoliosis, and the quantity and homogeneity of the studies did not allow a statistical integration of the results of the different studies. Considering stomatognathic alterations as a plausible aetiology of IS, the aim of this systematic review is to

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Wen-xi Sun Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hao-nan Liu Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Meng-tong Chen Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Yong-peng Lin Division of Spine Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hong-shen Wang Division of Spine Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Bo-lai Chen Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
Division of Spine Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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each surgical procedure was conducted, and the results are as follows. Materials and methods A systematic literature review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines ( 7 ), using

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Wen-xi Sun State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Wei-qiang Huang State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hua-yang Li State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Hong-shen Wang State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Sheng-li Guo State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Jie Dong Huizhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, China

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Bo-lai Chen State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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Yong-peng Lin State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China

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robot-assisted technique for treating diseases was used in the experimental group (RA group); (iii) comparisons: the conventional freehand technique was used in the control group (FH group); (iv) results: at least two of the following were used as

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Diogo Lino Moura Spine Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal, Coimbra, Portugal
Anatomy Institute and Orthopedics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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recoil by ligament and annulotaxis (also known as deflation effect). Even when the patient lies down on the table with the spine in hyperextension, compression forces of approximately 110 N keep acting on the fractured vertebra, resulting in its

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Amer Sebaaly Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellevue Medical Center University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Maroun Rizkallah Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellevue Medical Center University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Falah Bachour Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellevue Medical Center University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Firas Atallah Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellevue Medical Center University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Pierre Emmanuel Moreau Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France

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Ghassan Maalouf Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bellevue Medical Center University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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-midline expansion via the unipedicular approach since evidence of the superiority of the unilateral approach is still lacking, even though some preliminary results are encouraging with the use of the latter in terms of radiation exposure and cost reduction. 11

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xueli Yan Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yu Ren Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Han Zhang Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenjun Pan Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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. Sensitivity analysis We performed a sensitivity analysis by excluding the largest trial; excluding cluster randomized or quasi randomized trials; excluding trials with high risk of bias; and by using random effect models. Results After a total of

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Amer Sebaaly Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Mohammad Daher Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Bendy Salameh Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Ali Ghoul Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Samuel George Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Sami Roukoz Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Introduction Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a spinal deformity resulting from underlying spinal malformations ( 1 ). Its progressions and treatment vary depending on the patient’s and the curve’s characteristics ( 1 ). The causes of these

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Tian Cheng Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Elisabet Einarsdottir Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

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Juha Kere Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNut), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland

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Paul Gerdhem Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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results and conclusions. Quality of the reports was assessed by semi-quantitative grading using the Study Quality Assessment Tools for case–control studies, available at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools independently by TC

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