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Shu-Hao Du Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Yong-Hui Zhang Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

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Qi-Hao Yang Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

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Yu-Chen Wang Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

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Yu Fang Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China

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Xue-Qiang Wang Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China

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( 2 ). This condition also has a high recurrence rate, and the persistent pain brings great distress and economic burden to patients. Low back pain is a common public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries ( 2 ). Approximately

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Geovanny Ruiz Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Ponce, Puerto Rico

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Norberto J Torres-Lugo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Pablo Marrero-Ortiz Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Humberto Guzmán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Gerardo Olivella Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico

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Norman Ramírez Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayagüez Medical Center, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico

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Classification systems allow characterization of a problem, suggest a potential prognosis, and offer guidance in determining the optimal treatment approach for a particular condition ( 13 ). Until recently, there had not been a standardized classification for EOS

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Emre Acaroglu Ankara ARTES Spine and Spinal Cord Center, Ankara, Turkey

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European Spine Study Group Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

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health problem as demonstrated by several reports. Previous work has demonstrated that this population is very non-homogeneous in terms of perceived problems as well as expectations, based on patient age as well as diagnosis. 1 As an example, we may

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Kamil Cagri Kose Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey

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Omer Bozduman Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey

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Ali Erkan Yenigul Urfa State Hospital Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey

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Servet Igrek Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey

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space can occur during either ligamentectomy or facetectomy (especially during removal of the superior facet of the inferior vertebra). Packing with gelatin sponges usually solves this problem if bipolar cautery does not. Care must be taken not to pack

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Alpaslan Senkoylu Gazi University, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey

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Rolf B. Riise Oslo University Hospital, Orthopaedic Clinic, Oslo, Norway

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Emre Acaroglu Ankara Spine Centre, Ankara, Turkey

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Ilkka Helenius University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

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plaster as a corrective tool to maintain correction was performed until bony fusion was achieved. But posterior fusion techniques resulted in a short trunk, a disproportionate body and, more importantly, lung development problems in EOS patients. In 1964

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Mariam S Alharbi Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia

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problem in emerging economies for a variety of reasons. A typical form of short stature does not require hormonal or medical treatment, but chronic disorders can lead to development failure and short stature if they become worse or severe. However, other

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Mirza Biscevic Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Aida Sehic Department of Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring, SMS, Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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Ferid Krupic Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden

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embolism, as well as potential psychological stress. Nowadays this test may be used only when neurophysiological recordings are unavailable or fail to return after excluding all technical, anaesthetic and surgical factors and when there is a problem of

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Scott D. Middleton Scott D. Middleton, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Ralf Wagner Ralf Wagner, Ligamenta Spine Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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J. N. Alastair Gibson J. N. Alastair Gibson, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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advantages in speed of rehabilitation and lesser soft-tissue injury. One major disadvantage quoted was that of a limitation of access to the root foramen by bone overgrowth. This problem is now well addressed as reported in several of the cohort trials, 15

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Amer Sebaaly Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Mohammad Daher Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Bendy Salameh Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Ali Ghoul Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Samuel George Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Sami Roukoz Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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history review ( 20 ). Obstetrical history must also be reviewed along with existing fetal imaging in order to explore any pre-birth vertebral defect ( 20 ). Maternal health problems and use of substances and medications should also be noted ( 20

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Jie Xiang Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Weibo Zhao Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xiao Luo Department of Radiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Zhenghua Hong Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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, cardiovascular problems, urinary-tract disorder, trauma, or invasive therapy. The patient was taken to the emergency department immediately after developing symptoms. Physical examination The vital signs on arrival were temperature (T) 37.7°C, pulse (P

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