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locking or catching of the ankle. Often, recurrent sprains and unbalanced loading of the entire foot go along with the ankle problem. A thorough clinical examination of the patient focussing on the location of tenderness and swelling of the ankle
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himself described in 1876 a painful syndrome of the fourth metatarsophalangeal joint, rather than a nerve problem, 2 whereas others before him had described a ‘painful clinical syndrome of the forefoot’. 3 Thus, the widely used terminology of
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Introduction Diabetic foot problems include ulcers, infection and Charcot arthropathy, along with numerous underlying risk factors, including peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, impaired immune function and delayed bone healing
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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) arthroscopic intraoperative view of the talar lesion. Figure 3 Arthroscopic image of chronic ankle instability. Note the almost complete absence of the anterior talofibular ligament. The problem was resolved by arthroscopic reanchoring of the
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Introduction An estimated 40% of the United States population have foot problems. 1 Of all patients aged over 50 years, 2.5% report degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, termed ‘hallux rigidus’. First MTP
University of Brighton, UK
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Brighton and Sussex Medical Schools, UK
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there are several problems with its use; CT is unreliable in detecting osteomyelitis in the early stages of disease although it can be of significant value in detecting soft tissue collection or abscess. Both metformin therapy and diabetic nephropathy
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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feet of athletes are not unusual problems. 6 Often, the aforementioned problems are neglected as the more noticeable musculoskeletal lesion draws the orthopaedic surgeon’s attention. Commonly, with conservative management, including a sporadic
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management is recommended to relocate the subtalar joint, and arthroscopic assessment should be used to visualize the articular surface and to excise any loose fragments, preventing subsequent problems. 5 , 24 , 27 The treatment strategy based on Boack
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surgery is whether the problem should be corrected at the level of the first ray or at the level of the lesser metatarsals. Our treatment principles would start with solving the problem at the level of the first ray if any of the four findings is present
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Klinik Gut, St. Moritz, Switzerland
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AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Switzerland
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stabilization, minimal invasive techniques or prolonged splinting and casting, although this could lead to less stability or soft-tissue damage ( 29 ). Most of the complications during the treatment of ankle fractures are related to soft tissue problems ( 30
