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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xuelei Zhang Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Chengxin Xie Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Department of Endocrinology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Luxia Wu Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Guoping Cai Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yu Ren Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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group, without TXA used in the control group. Outcome index: intraoperative blood loss (IBL), output and duration of postoperative drainage, total blood loss (TBL), postoperative hospital stay, postoperative blood parameters, postoperative blood

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Tiago P Barbosa Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Ana Rita Raposo Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Paulo Diogo Cunha Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Nuno Cruz Oliveira Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Armanda Lobarinhas Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Pedro Varanda Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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Bruno Direito-Santos Hospital de Braga E.P.E., Braga, Portugal

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indication for further postoperative rehabilitation treatment and whether its type and duration have an impact on the clinical and functional outcome after spine surgery ( 4 , 7 , 10 , 19 , 20 ). The aim of this review is to resume the most recent

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xueli Yan Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yu Ren Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Han Zhang Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenjun Pan Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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’ condition TXA administration Outcomes He et al. ( 11 ) Low Degenerative conditions 10 mg/kg i.v. before skin incision + 6–8 mg/kg/h i.v. during the surgery IBL, total postoperative drainage, time for drainage removal, hospital stay

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Miguel Relvas-Silva Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, Porto, Portugal

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Bernardo Sousa Pinto MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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António Sousa Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal

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Miguel Loureiro Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
Hospital das Forças Armadas, Porto, Portugal

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André Rodrigues Pinho Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, São João Universitary Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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Pedro Pereira NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, Porto, Portugal
CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal

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a report of at least one of the following outcomes: operative time, estimated blood loss, post-operative bedtime or hospital length of stay, back or leg pain (assessed through visual analog scale – VAS), disability (assessed through Oswestry

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Scott D. Middleton Scott D. Middleton, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Ralf Wagner Ralf Wagner, Ligamenta Spine Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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J. N. Alastair Gibson J. N. Alastair Gibson, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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a material benefit for minimally invasive surgery, but two of the analysed trials reported outcome data from surgery using tubular retractor systems that are not comparable with those from the studies reported below. Anterior endoscopic surgery

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Xun Wang Department of Orthopedics, Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Aiqi Zhang Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenchao Yao Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Chun'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Haiyan Qiu Department of Endocrinology, Afliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Fabo Feng Department of Orthopedics, Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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iatrogenic injury, accelerate postoperative rehabilitation and improve clinical outcome ( 32 ). MIS-TLIF has been proved to achieve a similar fusion rate comparable to traditional TLIF, while preserving the physiological function of paravertebral soft tissues

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Emmanuelle Ferrero Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, France, APHP, Université Paris V

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Pierre Guigui Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, France, APHP, Université Paris V

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association between postoperative instability and poor outcomes is controversial. Charafeddine et al, 20 Herno et al, 21 Epstein 15 and more recently Martin et al 22 concluded that postoperative instability was not always associated with

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Michiel Vande Kerckhove Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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Henri d'Astorg Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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Sonia Ramos-Pascual ReSurg SA, Nyon, Switzerland

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Mo Saffarini ReSurg SA, Nyon, Switzerland

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Vincent Fiere Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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Marc Szadkowski Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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degeneration, spondylolisthesis, or scoliosis) and studies that report at least one of the following outcomes of interest: postoperative ODI, postoperative lower back or leg pain on visual analog scale (VAS) or numerical rating scale (NRS), and/or MacNab

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Wai Weng Yoon Spinal Surgery Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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Jonathan Koch Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK

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-significant associations with postoperative outcome. 31 Open access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) licence ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4

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Augusto Covaro ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Gemma Vilà-Canet ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Ana García de Frutos ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Maite T. Ubierna ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Francesco Ciccolo ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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Enric Caceres Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain

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Proposed advantages of these techniques regarding the lower incidence of iatrogenic instability and post-operative back pain were reported, but definitive conclusions are limited by poor methodology, and poor reports of the outcome measures in the included

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