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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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prosthetic surgery. There are several publications on PCS rates with various designs. The symptoms are secondary to the formation of a fibrous nodule in the upper pole of the patella that collides with the femoral shield when extending the knee. Patients

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Joanna Baawa-Ameyaw Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Ricci Plastow Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Fahima Aarah Begum Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Babar Kayani Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Hyder Jeddy Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Fares Haddad Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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compared to the BPTB autograft group, P = 0.005 and P = 0.045 respectively. Bone–patella tendon–bone autografts Bone–patella tendon–bone autografts offer the same advantages of using the patient’s own tissue as described for hamstring autografts

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Mattia Alessio-Mazzola IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unità Clinica di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Giacomo Placella Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Orlando Leone Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Natasha Di Fabio Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Desiree Moharamzadeh IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unità Clinica di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Vincenzo Salini Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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systematically review and meta-analyze the reported complications of TKA following ACL reconstruction including wound complications, stiffness, infection, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), patellar crepitus, patella baja, nerve injury, extensor mechanism damage and

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Jimmy Wui Guan Ng Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Calow, Chesterfield, UK

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Yulanda Myint Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Calow, Chesterfield, UK

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Fazal M. Ali Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Calow, Chesterfield, UK

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graft Thick and strong graft Anterior knee pain Patella fracture (rare) Patella tendon rupture (rare) Cannot be used if quadriceps tendon (QT) graft harvested from same knee Graft harvesting increases operating duration Quadriceps tendon (QT

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Hortensia De la Corte-Rodríguez Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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. Possible autografts to be used are the hamstring (gracilis and semitendinosus) tendon, bone-patella tendon-bone (BPTB), and quadriceps tendon (with or without a distal bone block). These grafts can be obtained from the injured knee or from the contralateral

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Spain

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skin incision is made on the medial knee region, 4 cm medial to the patella with caudal direction to 7 or 8 cm distal to the joint line. 27 The first surgical step is to identify the distal tibial insertion of the sMCL, which is deeper than the

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Fahima A. Begum Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Babar Kayani Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Justin S. Chang Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Rosamond J. Tansey Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Fares S. Haddad Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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lateralis, and vastus intermedius to form the quadriceps tendon, which inserts into the patella tendon and tibial tuberosity. 12 Several unique anatomical features of the rectus femoris predispose this muscle to proximal avulsion injuries. 5 The

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Nikolaos K. Paschos University of California, Davis, USA

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Stephen M. Howell University of California, Davis, USA

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weakness can also result from autograft harvesting for ACL reconstruction. A trend towards extensor and flexor muscle strength deficit was shown in ACL reconstructions when bone-patella-tendon-bone (BPTB) and hamstring (HST) autograft was used, respectively

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