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Fabian Krause Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Helen Anwander Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Introduction Over 60% of the talus is covered with cartilage. Osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) describes damage to the talar cartilage including pathological changes in the underlying bone. In 1870, Paget ( 1 ) first described loose

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Helen Anwander Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Philipp Vetter Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Christophe Kurze Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Chui J Farn Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China

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Fabian G Krause Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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Introduction An osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is defined as damage to the talar cartilage with pathological changes in the underlying bone. OLTs are associated with residual pain following an acute ankle sprain or in patients with

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Tahir Ögüt Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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N. Selcuk Yontar Cerrahpasa Medical School, Departmant of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey

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technique increasingly used for the treatment of hindfoot pathologies. 1 Posterior ankle impingement syndrome, flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon problems, osteochondral lesions, subtalar coalitions, osteoarthritis, talar bone cysts, talar fractures

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Omar A. Al-Mohrej King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia

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Nader S. Al-Kenani King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia

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accompanying an eversion or inversion strain. An osteochondral talar dome fracture may be inferred by pain and tenderness on tibio-talar joint line palpation. The physician should also check for pain on passive gentle eversion and inversion. Fig. 7

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Halah Kutaish Centre for Surgery of the Foot & Ankle, Hirslanden Clinique La Colline, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Switzerland

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Antoine Acker Centre for Surgery of the Foot & Ankle, Hirslanden Clinique La Colline, Switzerland

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Lisca Drittenbass Centre for Surgery of the Foot & Ankle, Hirslanden Clinique La Colline, Switzerland

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Richard Stern Centre for Surgery of the Foot & Ankle, Hirslanden Clinique La Colline, Switzerland

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Mathieu Assal Centre for Surgery of the Foot & Ankle, Hirslanden Clinique La Colline, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Switzerland

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, tibia plafond and talar dome osteochondral defects retrograde drilling and filling, pilon fractures open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), calcaneum less-invasive ORIF, midfoot fusions, tibia derotations osteotomies, internal fixation of fifth

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Mario Herrera-Pérez Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Department of Surgery, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Victor Valderrabano Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Schmerzklinik, Basel, Switzerland
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexandre L Godoy-Santos Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Israelita, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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César de César Netto Director of the UIOWA Orthopedic Functional Imaging Research Laboratory (OFIRL), Iowa, USA
Department of Orthopedic and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA

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David González-Martín Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Department of Surgery, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Sergio Tejero Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
Department of Surgery, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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chronic lateral instability. Another point of controversy is the relation between osteochondral lesions of the talus and the development of ankle OA. Weigelt et al. ( 10 ) reported in a 14-year-old follow-up study that osteochondral lesions of

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E Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Juan S Ruiz-Pérez Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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summarises the current indications for AA. Figure 1 shows a case of arthroscopic excision of a bony spur in the anterior distal tibia that caused painful anterior bony impingement of the ankle. Figure 2 shows a case of osteochondral lesion of the talus

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Jan Bartoníček Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice, Prague, Czech Republic

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Stefan Rammelt University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Michal Tuček Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice, Prague, Czech Republic

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Wagstaffe tubercle, i.e. avulsion of the ATFL from the distal fibula, was recorded by Delasota ( 41 ), Cho ( 54 ), Hoblitzell et al. ( 18 ), and He et al. ( 62 ). Other associated injuries An osteochondral fracture of the talus associated with BF

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Xavier Martin Oliva Department of Anatomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

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Antonio Viladot Voegeli Tres Torres Hospital, Barcelona, Spain

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osteotomy include the maintenance of the patient’s own tissue to restore the cartilage surface to the main weight-bearing portion of the joint. 15 Cartilage replacement with a chondral graft may consist of autogenous osteochondral graft, osteochondral

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José Nuno Ferreira Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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João Vide Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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Daniel Mendes Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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João Protásio Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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Rui Viegas Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Portugal

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Manuel Resende Sousa Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital da Luz, Portugal

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is related to a better short-term prognosis. 14 Poor outcomes may also be related to associated injuries ( Table 2 ) in a stable ankle or an ankle that has healed properly, where pain is the only reported symptom – osteochondral lesions are

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