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open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), and retrograde and antegrade intramedullary nailing (IM) ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). Complications of both conservative and operative treatment approaches are non-union
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of non-union, delayed union and wound infections there is no consensus concerning the treatment of distal femoral fractures. We carried out a meta-analysis to validate our hypothesis, that RIMN is superior to plate fixation for lowering the risk of
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tibial shaft fractures are associated with high rates of complications including malunion, non-union and infection ( 5 , 6 ). The severity of the soft tissue injury associated with open fractures has been considered significant for many years. In 1976
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over 60 years old ( 3 ). Retrograde intramedullary nail (rIMN) and lateral locking compression plate (LCP) are common surgical treatments for distal femoral fractures. Healing difficulties following locking plate are not uncommon. Rates of non-union are
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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select the most appropriate implants for internal fixation. 8 , 10 – 12 Based on this, patient-specific bone models can be 3D printed, sterilized and used in the operating room. Non-union and malunion are the most common serious complications of
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treatment and complications . Rev Med Suisse 2011 ; 7 : 2482 , 2484 – 2488 . 6. Andrzejowski P Giannoudis PV . The ‘diamond concept’ for long bone non-union management . J Orthop Traumatol 2019 ; 20 : 21 . 7
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. Risk factors for long bone fracture non-union: a stratification approach based on the level of the existing scientific evidence . Injury 2015 ; 46 ( suppl 8 ): S8 - S19 . 69. Tay W-H de Steiger R Richardson M Gruen
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complications was defined as incorporating all complications reported in the literature ( 18 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ), including plate fracture, malunion, delayed union, nonunion, incision infection, etc. The criteria for non-union
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Introduction Fracture incidence is common, with over one million fractures occurring each year in the United Kingdom alone ( 1 ). However, failure to heal a fracture is rare, with Zura et al. ( 2 ) reporting a non-union rate of just 4.9% in
Department of Orthopaedics, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Department of Orthopaedics, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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of 18 years with nonunion or delayed union after IMN in femoral shaft fracture; (2) both exchange nailing (EN) and augmentative plating (AP) were adopted; and (3) both randomized and non-randomized studies were included. Exclusion criteria were: (1
