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Introduction: non-union definition and epidemiology Delayed union and non-union fractures are well-defined medical conditions that represent the inability of bone to heal without further intervention, which is usually identified based on
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Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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and healing in high-risk fractures such as peri-prosthetic femoral fractures, or in improving the biological activity of an atrophic non-union ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). Irrespective of the aim, successful healing with bone grafts can be considered using
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resources and requires the government to ensure that Maori have at least the same level of health as non-Maori. Currently, this is not the case, with Maori having significantly worse health outcomes. Ensuring all surgeons have an understanding of the role
West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, Essex, United Kingdom
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School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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promote union of fractures ( 2 , 3 ). The current literature describes poller screws as mainly used in acute fractures, non-unions or deformity correction of lower limb long bones, mainly tibia and femur ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). During the 21st century, the
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Basha M Mitra AK . Risk factors of lateral epicondylitis: a meta-analysis . Surgeon 2020 ; 18 : 122 – 128 . 18. Pearson RG Clement RG Edwards KL Scammell BE . Do smokers have greater risk of delayed and non-union
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chronic persistent infected non-union which may be very difficult to eradicate. 4 , 5 Considering the importance of diagnosing and treating an infected fracture, it is surprising that it is only very recently that an accepted definition of fracture
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fixator for infected non-union of the femur with bone loss . J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2012 ; 20 : 185 - 190 . 11 Low CK , Pho RW , Kour AK , Satku K , Kumar VP . Infection of vascularized fibular
Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Trauma Orthopaedic Research Copenhagen Hvidovre (TORCH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
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starting point for early and targeted intervention strategies ( 25 ). While clinical intervention to date detects failed bone regeneration at later stages, when delayed or non-union occurs, evidence suggests that regeneration failure could be determined
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Introduction Regulations concerning medical devices are shared across the European Union (EU) but verification that manufacturers conform to their requirements is devolved to independent notified bodies overseen by their national regulatory
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fail and that large sections of the industry will become non-viable, resulting in bankruptcies and redundancies of large numbers of staff employed in this sector. It is clear that there is a strong industry lobby to reduce or diminish regulation of