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Introduction Non-union or pseudarthrosis represents the inability of bone to heal after a fracture. Although this is a general definition that is well accepted by most orthopaedic trauma surgeons, it is not a simple concept. The absence of
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Introduction: non-union definition and epidemiology Delayed union and non-union fractures are well-defined medical conditions that represent the inability of bone to heal without further intervention, which is usually identified based on
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University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Pius-Hospital, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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-reported outcomes and a relatively low risk of complications ( 7 , 8 , 9 ). However, non-union after first MTPJ arthrodesis is one of the most common complications, with an incidence range of 0–24% ( 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ). The reported incidence of non-union
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Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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and healing in high-risk fractures such as peri-prosthetic femoral fractures, or in improving the biological activity of an atrophic non-union ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). Irrespective of the aim, successful healing with bone grafts can be considered using
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open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), and retrograde and antegrade intramedullary nailing (IM) ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). Complications of both conservative and operative treatment approaches are non-union
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of non-union, delayed union and wound infections there is no consensus concerning the treatment of distal femoral fractures. We carried out a meta-analysis to validate our hypothesis, that RIMN is superior to plate fixation for lowering the risk of
Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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. 35. Giannoudis PV Ahmad MA Mineo GV Tosounidis TI Calori GM Kanakaris NK . Subtrochanteric fracture non-unions with implant failure managed with the “Diamond” concept . Injury . 2013 ; 44 : S
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tibial shaft fractures are associated with high rates of complications including malunion, non-union and infection ( 5 , 6 ). The severity of the soft tissue injury associated with open fractures has been considered significant for many years. In 1976
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over 60 years old ( 3 ). Retrograde intramedullary nail (rIMN) and lateral locking compression plate (LCP) are common surgical treatments for distal femoral fractures. Healing difficulties following locking plate are not uncommon. Rates of non-union are
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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Institute for Hand- and Plastic Surgery, Oldenburg, Germany
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indication in the current literature as to which technique shows the most promising results in terms of union. Typical major complications of PIP joint arthrodesis are non-union and mal-union; minor complications are superficial infections ( 61 ). The aim