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intramedullary nailing (IMN). An external fixator is also an option, however rarely indicated. Undisplaced or minimally displaced HSF are routinely treated conservatively. In fact, anterior angulation of 20°, a varus or valgus of 30°, 15° of malrotation and 3 cm
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comprises open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using plates and screws or intramedullary fixation (IMF), of which the titanium elastic nail (TEN) is the most commonly used and described option. 7 - 16 Classical operative treatment indications are
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School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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-scapular nail passing above the subscapularis tendon. On 11 March 1954, Trillat presented his series of seventeen cases to the Société Lyonnaise de Chirurgie, and his paper was published in the Lyon Chirurgical journal in November 1954 ( 1 ). The primary
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Cell & Tissue Bank-Regenerative Medicine Centre, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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fractures (+9.6%) followed by increased ORIF and RTSA (+13.5% and +9.4%, respectively), while rates of other treatment options (including conservative, nail osteosynthesis, and TSA) were decreasing (–7.2%, –8.0%, and –4.4%, respectively). 9 Moreover, the