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Walsall Manor Hospital, Moat Road, Walsall, WS2 9PS, UK
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Walsall Manor Hospital, Moat Road, Walsall, WS2 9PS, UK
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facilitate tissue healing. 8 PRP owes its therapeutic use to the limited evidence that growth factors released by the platelets possess multiple regenerative properties. 9 Tissue repair is a complex process comprising chemotaxis, angiogenesis, cell
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Introduction Injuries to the quadriceps complex most commonly occur in sporting activities that involve repetitive kicking and high-speed sprinting. 1 , 2 In professional football (soccer) and rugby, quadriceps injuries lead to more
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devastating injuries which require careful clinical assessment. The best management strategy for these injuries remains unclear due to the paucity of high-level evidence. Prospective, randomized studies involving multiple centres are likely required to produce
Hospital Sotero del Rio, Santiago, Chile
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Hospital Sotero del Rio, Santiago, Chile
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Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Portugal
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combined with multiple ligamentous injury, including tibiofemoral dislocation. Of all PLC injuries, 28% occur in isolation, with the rest being typically associated with central pivot tears. 9 , 20 Vascular injury occurs in 7% to 15% of knee
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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knees with multiple ligament injuries, and in patients with failed cruciate ligament surgery. After osteotomy as a first stage, we should assess whether ligament reconstruction is necessary in a second stage. 9 Table 3 summarizes the grafts and
Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
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Dom Henrique Research Centre, Portugal
3Bs Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Braga, Portugal
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Introduction The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly injured knee ligament, and an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most frequently associated injury after an MCL lesion. 1 – 4 Successful outcomes after
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-contact situation. Rotational mechanisms more commonly result in multiple ligament injuries. Physical examination The most notable clinical findings are ecchymosis and painful swelling over the medial joint line. The application of valgus stress in both full
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Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common orthopaedic techniques performed worldwide. ACL injuries occur with increasing incidence, from approximately 33 cases in 100 000 in 1994 to between 40 and
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Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
School of Medicine, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
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, manipulation with instruments might cause iatrogenic chondral damage ( Fig. 2 ). Iatrogenic chondral injuries may occur directly when using surgical instruments, or indirectly due to inadequate treatment of meniscal injuries. The iatrogenic chondral damage
These authors contributed equally to this work
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These authors contributed equally to this work
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to overload and injury. 4 This disruption in menisco-capsular junction in patients with ACL injury significantly increases laxity. 5 A lesion in the area stimulates articular cartilage degeneration of the medial compartment of the knee over
