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region and observe the SIJ plate: (1) body of the pelvic bone, (2) auricular surface of the sacrum, (3) sacrum, (4) antero-superior iliac spine, (5) iliac tuberosity, (6) auricular surface of the ilium, (7) anterior sacro-iliac ligament, (8) postero
Anatomy Institute and Orthopedics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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recoil by ligament and annulotaxis (also known as deflation effect). Even when the patient lies down on the table with the spine in hyperextension, compression forces of approximately 110 N keep acting on the fractured vertebra, resulting in its
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. Figure 1 The representative MRI of the subtypes of TSS. The whole spine MRI of a CLTSS patient shows CSS at C4-7 (A1, arrows) and LSS at L3-4 (A3, arrows); In the MRI of a CTTSS patient, extensive hypertrophy of posterior longitudinal ligament causes
Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
Universidad Andrés Bello, Hospital del Trabajador, Facultad de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
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Sanatorio Güemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Teodoro Álvarez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Spine Unit, Department of Traumatology, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
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Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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, 13 ). The main complementary diagnostic tool is the computed tomography (CT) scan, including sagittal and coronal reconstruction, due to its ability to analyze bone anatomy in the three views of the lateral mass. The scan effectiveness has 99
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biomechanical considerations Anatomy Lumbosacral junction is a relatively ‘stiff’ region due to the presence of the L5/S1 disc, the articular processes of L5 and S1, and the iliolumbar ligaments attached from L4 and L5 transverse processes to the iliac
Centre for Spinal Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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thoracic spinal cord is particularly vulnerable owing to the thoracic kyphosis pushing the cord against the disc, the denticulate ligament reducing the cord mobility, the large thoracic cord diameter in relation to the smaller spinal canal diameter, and the
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/instrumentation and neuro-monitorisation supported with improved anaesthetic care, osteotomy techniques have evolved. Spinal osteotomies are generally needed when the deformity is not correctable with the use of instrumentation alone or when facet or ligament
These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
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These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
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-morphogenetic proteins in spinal fusion procedures Cahill, KS 317 26.4 III 15 Cervical laminectomy and dentate ligament section for cervical spondylotic myelopathy Benzel, EC 307 10.2 III 16 Anterior cervical fusion for degenerated or
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-related degenerative changes but no defect or disruption in the vertebral ring. It classically involves the L4/5 level ( Fig. 1 ), due to the strong iliolumbar ligaments restraining movement of the fifth lumbar vertebra, although less frequently the L5/S1 level may be
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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CT scan was used to evaluate the spine in prone position The three-dimensional reconstruction of EOS and CT of the spine were then generated Matamalas et al. ( 23 ) 52 idiopathic scoliosis patients 6.6 TAPS
