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suprascapular nerve. The teres minor muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve and the subscapularis muscle by the upper and lower subscapular nerves. The latissimus dorsi muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve and is the largest muscle in the back
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functional impairment. Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer (LDTT) The Latissimus dorsi muscle (LD) is a large, fan-shaped muscle with a broad origin from the iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and spinous processes of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
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Chirurgie de l’Épaule, Service d’Orthopédie et Traumatologie, Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte, Morges, Switzerland
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for using tendon transfers in AFE pseudoparesis or pseudoparalysis due to their limited effect on abduction and elevation. The primary transfer used is the latissimus dorsi (LD) tendon to the greater tuberosity, thereby allowing the muscle’s internal
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non-compensation by other humeral head stabilizers (i.e. pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi), the moments created by the opposing muscular forces are insufficient to maintain equilibrium in the coronal plane, resulting in altered kinematics
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repair. The important mechanical role of subscapularis has been pointed out by Gerber in the context of latissimus dorsi transfers ( 41 ), by Burkhart et al . reporting their results of rotator cuff repair ( 9 , 10 ), and Kwano et al. ( 12 ) who have
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Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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irreparable postero-superior cuff tear, several surgical options have been proposed. Tendon transfers, commonly using the latissimus dorsi and more recently the lower trapezius can both significantly enhance shoulder function. While the main goal of the tendon
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Cell & Tissue Bank-Regenerative Medicine Centre, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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(glenoid and humeral lateralization) 46 – 48 as well as additive surgical solutions (latissimus dorsi transfer, latissimus dorsi–teres major transfer) have been proposed. 49 – 52 As for the internal rotation, our finding shows an equal range of motion
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Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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with variable results. 77 , 78 The addition of anterior latissimus dorsi transfer seems biomechanically superior to the pectoralis major transfer in ATSA due to an improved internal rotation moment arm and more similar line of pull relative to the
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fracture is more than a few days old shortening of the cuff muscles, exacerbated by the downward force of latissimus dorsi on the arm in abduction, can make powerful distraction necessary. This can be facilitated by inserting small fragment screws in the
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include hypoactivity of the external rotators and posterior deltoid with concurrent hyperactivity of internal rotators (e.g. latissimus dorsi) as well as periscapular muscle imbalance with concomitant scapular dyskinesis ( 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ). On the
