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Andrea Angelini Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology and Oncological Orthopedics, University of Padova, Italy

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Ivan Bohacek Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata, Zagreb, Croatia

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Mihovil Plecko Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata, Zagreb, Croatia

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Carlo Biz Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology and Oncological Orthopedics, University of Padova, Italy

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Giulia Trovarelli Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology and Oncological Orthopedics, University of Padova, Italy

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Mariachiara Cerchiaro Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology and Oncological Orthopedics, University of Padova, Italy

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Giuseppe Di Rubbo Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology and Oncological Orthopedics, University of Padova, Italy

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Pietro Ruggieri Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology and Oncological Orthopedics, University of Padova, Italy

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instability, valgus deformity, and degenerative changes ( 5 , 15 , 16 , 17 ). Resection of the distal fibula without reconstruction can result in functional deficits in the ankle joint, as the fibula plays an important role in ankle stability and movement

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Miklós Szendrői Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Imre Antal Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Attila Szendrői Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Áron Lazáry National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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Péter Pál Varga National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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. Diagnostic cornerstone: stability In addition to the diagnostic process applicable for any skeletal metastases, the evaluation of a spinal metastasis has to be completed by the determination of the biomechanical stability of the spine. Instability is

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Maria A. Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria

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Dimosthenis Andreou Department of General Orthopaedics and Tumour Orthopaedics, University Hospital Muenster, Germany

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Per-Ulf Tunn Tumour Orthopaedics, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Germany

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria

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instability observed by Fujibuchi et al, although these patients had received a proximal humeral endoprosthesis wrapped in PMKM (Marlex mesh or Bard mesh, Warwick, RI, USA) fixed to soft tissues (4/12). 7 On the other hand, the same mesh fixed to bone

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Maria Beatriz Quaresma Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital Santa Maria – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal

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José Portela Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital Santa Maria – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal

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Joaquim Soares do Brito Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital Santa Maria – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal

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, stiffness, decreased range of motion, locking, and joint instability. 5 Furthermore, D-TGCT is classically found in large joints such as the knees or other weight-bearing joints like the hips, ankles, shoulders, or elbows, with a more aggressive pattern

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Catalin Cirstoiu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Cretu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Sergiu Iordache Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Mihnea Popa Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Resection–reconstruction with modular prosthesis Preventive osteosynthesis ± PMMA Osteosynthesis ± PMMA Forearm Resection-reconstruction ± PMMA Preventive osteosynthesis ± PMMA Osteosynthesis ± PMMA Reconstruction if instability

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Daniel Kotrych Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Orthopedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

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Andrea Angelini Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Italy

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Andrzej Bohatyrewicz Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Orthopedic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

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Pietro Ruggieri Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Italy

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. Spinopelvic reconstruction should be considered, in relation to expected neurologic loss and functional instability ( Fig. 1 ), following a total or high sacrectomy or sacroiliac joint removal. Figure 1 Types of sacral bone resection: type 1 – low

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 417 Veterans Hospital (NIMTS), Athens, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Ioannis Papanastasiou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Thomas Sarlikiotis First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Aggelos Kaspiris Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology/ Sector for Bone Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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result in instability with high rates of complications such as implant loosening and failure and postoperative infection. Endoprosthetic replacement using a constrained hinged megaprosthesis ( Fig. 3a – h ) cannot allow good function compared to that

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Serkan Bayram Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ahmet Salduz Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ahmet Müçteba Yıldırım Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Korhan Özkan Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Levent Eralp Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Retired Professor of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Harzem Özger Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Retired Professor of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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curettage that combined both morselized bone and cortical structural bone graft ( 29 ). In that study, only one patient had recurrence, and no patient had a fracture, an infection, or knee instability. He et al. reported a large case series that included

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Antal Imre Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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Sápi Zoltán Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest

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Szendrői Miklós Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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L Szuhai K Krenács T Hogendoorn PC Szendroi M Benassi MS Kopper L Füle T & Sápi Z . Genomic instability in giant cell tumor of bone. A study of 52 cases using DNA ploidy, relocalization FISH, and array-CGH analysis . Genes

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Irina-Anca Eremia Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Mihnea Popa Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Adela Iancu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Silvia Nica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Catalin Cirstoiu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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augmentation techniques have demonstrated potential in addressing these complications, providing pain relief and halting the progression of spinal instability ( 81 , 82 ). In order to determine whether or not to proceed with these treatments, it is important

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