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Nicola Ratto University of Torino, Italy

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Chiara Arrigoni University of Torino, Italy

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Federica Rosso AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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Matteo Bruzzone AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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Federico Dettoni AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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Davide Edoardo Bonasia AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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Roberto Rossi AO Mauriziano Umberto I, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Torino, Italy

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expected. 2 Differing causations hase been reported for TJA failure and revision. 3 , 4 According to recent data, peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) incidence constitutes between approximately 0.3% and 1.7% of all total hip arthroplasties (THA

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Xinhuan Lei Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Jie Xiang Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hailan Yang Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hongya Bao Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Zhong Zhu Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is a rare and serious complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that can cause a poor prognosis, reduce these patients’ quality of life, and significantly increase the financial burden. Therefore

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Corentin Pangaud Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France

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Matthieu Ollivier Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France

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Jean-Noël Argenson Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France

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Introduction Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most serious complications of knee prosthesis implantation. Its incidence is reported as between 0.5% and 2.0% according to the risk factors. 1 – 4 It is the commonest

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Chengxin Xie Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenjun Pan Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Shouli Wang Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xueli Yan Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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performance of knee arthroplasty in most patients, postoperative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (an infection that occurs in joint replacement) remains concerning as a rare but serious complication ( 3 ). PJI is identified if: there is a sinus tract

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Elena Gálvez-Sirvent Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “Infanta Elena” University Hospital, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain

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Aitor Ibarzábal-Gil Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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E Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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outcomes in bituberosity fractures (Schatzker V, VI) than in Schatzker I–IV fractures ( 16 ). The authors also observed a high rate of complications after surgical treatment (19%), with the most frequent being infection. Over the years, these complications

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Ismail Remzi Tözün Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Vahit Emre Ozden Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Goksel Dikmen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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Kayahan Karaytuğ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Sarıyer/Istanbul, Turkey

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One of the most challenging complications leading to significant morbidity after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), with an infection rate of up to 2% after primary TKA and almost 10% for revision TKA. 1 – 4

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Hee-Nee Pang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

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Hamid Rahmatullah Bin Abd Razak Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

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Stephen Petis Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

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Douglas D. R. Naudie Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

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Steven J. MacDonald Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

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a rise in the incidence of revision TKA. In the current literature, the most common reasons for revision TKA are aseptic loosening, usually as a result of wear, and infection. 2 , 5 - 8 These, together with instability and stiffness, account for

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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%, with infection and aseptic loosening as the most common complications. Rotating hinge knee prostheses were most commonly indicated for infection, aseptic loosening, instability and bone loss. They had good outcome scores and survivorship, but continued

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Richard Peter Almeida Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Lipalo Mokete Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Nkhodiseni Sikhauli Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Allan Roy Sekeitto Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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Jurek Pietrzak Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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0.2% to 21% of all cases of primary TJA; however, there is lack of agreement on the definition of PWD. 3 PWD has been reported as a risk factor for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). 4 Patel et al 4 showed that each extra day of PWD carried an

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Francesco Benazzo Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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Stefano M.P. Rossi Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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Alberto Combi Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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Sanjay Meena SICOT Fellow at Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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Matteo Ghiara Department of Clinical-Surgical Sciences, Diagnostics and Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy

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, latent infection and soft tissue envelope compromise. 2 Trauma can cause acute cartilage damage with necrosis of cartilage cells 3 and chronic damage following alteration of the normal limb axis. Another cause of articular degeneration can be a

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