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, leading to early OA. Avoiding OA development is the main goal of the treatment for DDH. It is estimated that DDH represents 2.6% to 9.1% of total cases of total hip replacement (THR) and is the main cause of THR in young people (about 21% to 29%). 35

degree of dissatisfaction with the results of the replacement of the knee (i.e. total knee arthroplasty; TKA) or hip (i.e. total hip arthroplasty; THA). 4 , 10 – 14 Dissatisfaction with the results of surgery could concern, for example

surgeons have made a positive decision to use components from more than one manufacturer, in the formation of a joint replacement, both in the primary and revision setting. The practice is widely documented as mix & match. The practice mainly involves hips

-articular contracture release, removal of pseudotumours, osteotomy to correct existing angular deformities, arthrodesis of smaller joints and prosthetic joint replacement of large joints (hip, knee, shoulder, elbow and ankle). 13 , 18 Current guidance recommends

hip fractures. Approximately 75 million people are estimated to have osteoporosis in the United States (US), Europe and Japan, 1 , 2 and the burden of osteoporosis with its associated morbidity and mortality issues due to fractures has become a

usefully employed by bone healing scores in recent fractures, such as the RUST (Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial fractures) 19 or the RUSH (RUS for Hip fractures). 20 Yet some differences are encountered in the non-union healing evaluation. Re

basic sciences for orthopaedic trainees preparing for the FRCS for which the author’s institution receives market-rate payment from Heraeus; undertaking teaching on total hip replacement for orthopaedic consultants and trainees for which the author