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Life and Health Science Research Institute, University of Minho, Portugal
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, 9 , 11 ). In an anterior approach of the cervical spine, the patient is placed in supine position, at a radiolucent table. Adequate head and neck control is mandatory to prevent damage to the spinal cord. To facilitate the exposure, the neck
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most commonly performed choice of access to the spine, including costotransversectomy, transpedicular and lateral extracavitary techniques. 10 – 12 Unfortunately, in each approach, rib head or pedicular resections are required, leading potentially
Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile
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Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
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the entire VC (from the external auricle to the femoral heads), 3 with the patient in a relaxed position, without support from the upper extremities, without extension of the knees or hips and with the hands placed on the clavicles (‘clavicle position
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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. A study designed a new evaluation method for anterior view imaging and analyzed its effectiveness to improve its detection level ( 19 ). In general, when viewed from the front, the head should be facing straight forward without rotation or side
School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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pathologies were excluded (e.g., tumors, fractures, infections, inflammatory diseases, and osteoporosis); iv) the small sample size of the report makes it difficult to obtain enough data for analysis; v) letters, abstracts, books, meeting minutes, and posters
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-immersive ( 29 ). Immersive VR devices (iVR) use head-mounted displays to visualize 360° virtual environments in which the subject has the possibility to interact with the virtual scenario using controllers or their hands ( 30 ). On the other hand, non
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found that a few months after orthognathic surgery the orientation of the head in the frontal plane improves, and that after these drastic mandibular changes, the weight of proprioceptive signals linked to the mandibular system can increase to constitute
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very important. Patients are intubated due to the negative effect cast moulding may have on thoracic pressure, making ventilation temporarily difficult. A head halter and pelvic traction assists in stabilizing the patient. Traction alone can correct the
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instead of 5 years old. Limitations in the anatomic boundaries of the thorax reduce the volume early in life, negatively affecting the size of the lungs at maturity ( 25 ). Lung hypoplasia, where alveoli and arteries are few, has been observed in those