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, including pain and severe disabilities in the activities of daily living due to early onset osteoarthritis or a dislocated hip ( 2 ). Nevertheless, diagnostic and treatment methods are highly variable in clinical practice and often depend on local agreements
Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA
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, microinstability, labral retear, or adhesions. Imaging in the form of a computerized tomography (CT) scan may therefore be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic planning especially when open surgery or revision arthroscopy is being considered ( 1 ). This is mostly
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monitoring. Radiograph images, CT and MRI are useful to achieve these objectives. Scintigraphy provides no useful information as the binding is diffuse and non-specific. 7 Plain film radiography remains the primary diagnostic examination. Radiographs
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abnormalities which participate in the occurrence of OFNH. 14 However, until now there are no screening markers available ( Fig. 1 ). Fig. 1 Different pathways participating in ONFH. Whatever the underlying cause, all forms of ON of the
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infections in THAs related to SCD as compared with other causes of THA. The defective activation of complement’s pathway is facilitated by a non-functioning or absent spleen. This increases the risk of infection by encapsulated bacteria. 8 Therefore
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in blood ( 79 , 80 ). It is reported to be a rare complication with a prevalence of around 5% in MoM hip replacements ( 79 ). However, it cannot be used as a diagnostic terminology to define implant failure as it fails to distinguish the complexity