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randomized trials of fracture fixation used any definition of infection when reporting this complication. 7 By contrast to prosthetic joint infection, the lack of a definition or diagnostic strategy for infection has hampered the development of
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, including pain and severe disabilities in the activities of daily living due to early onset osteoarthritis or a dislocated hip ( 2 ). Nevertheless, diagnostic and treatment methods are highly variable in clinical practice and often depend on local agreements
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Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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this review, we addressed the genetic aspects and prior genetic investigations related to DC. Subsequently, we delve into a discussion of the molecular pathways that have been proposed to be associated with DC. Lastly, we provide a summary of the
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. They state that mNGS did not alter management in the majority of cases and provided minimal diagnostic value with additional cost to conventional testing. Table 1 Comparison of PCR and mNGS. Diagnostic test Advantages Disadvantages
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to neurogenic inflammation. The exact pathway and mechanisms are not known but Janig and Koltzenburg 10 suggested ‘coupling’ of sympathetic and somatic afferent neurons. Mos et al 11 reported that the incidence of CRPS in the general
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Brighton and Sussex Medical Schools, UK
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loss of its protective sensations. Early recognition of acute Charcot foot in diabetics is a diagnostic challenge as the clinical suspicion even in high risk patients is often low, and the consequences of a missed diagnosis can be devastating. This
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Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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definition, does not dictate any particular treatment. This can only be decided by combining information from the definition and classification together with a full discussion of the patient’s needs and wishes. The diagnostic pathway is just the start of the
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protective pathways in the host. Microarray techniques have shown a specific gene expression signature exhibited by the white blood cells (WBCs) in the synovial fluid of infected joints, distinctive of the innate host immune response to infection. 10
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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The Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Center of the University of Basel (KWUB), Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Clarunis, University Digestive Health Care Center, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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The Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Center of the University of Basel (KWUB), Basel, Switzerland
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characteristics such as the triple sign, while smaller lesions may be homogenous and less conspicuous with smooth contours, leading to diagnostic uncertainty ( 26 ). Computed tomography The primary roles of CT in the context of SS are the detection of soft
Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA
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Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA
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, microinstability, labral retear, or adhesions. Imaging in the form of a computerized tomography (CT) scan may therefore be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic planning especially when open surgery or revision arthroscopy is being considered ( 1 ). This is mostly