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Markus A. Küper BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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Alexander Trulson BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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Fabian M. Stuby BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Surgery, Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany

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Ulrich Stöckle BG Trauma Center, Department for Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany

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allow the patients to mobilize with full weight-bearing according to their ability. A control CT scan after 10 to 12 days of mobilization should be performed to rule out secondary dislocation. The third pillar of conservative treatment is osteoporotic

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Maria Anna Smolle Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Sandra Bösmüller AUVA Trauma Centre Vienna Meidling, Vienna, Austria

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Paul Puchwein Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Martin Ornig Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Andreas Leithner Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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Franz-Josef Seibert Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

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open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), and retrograde and antegrade intramedullary nailing (IM) ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). Complications of both conservative and operative treatment approaches are non

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Arvin Eslami Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Mohammadreza Chehrassan Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Shaya Alimoghadam Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Karim Pisoudeh Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Amir Kasaeian Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute; Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases; Clinical Research Development Unit, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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Omid Elahifar Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Firoozgar Hospital, Bone and Joint reconstruction research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

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with pelvic fractures, 12 were managed conservatively, while 21 underwent various surgical treatments. Regarding the 21 mothers who underwent surgical treatments, three mothers died, and out of these, 10 (48%) fetuses also died. Out of the 33

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Marko Bumbasirevic Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia

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Tomislav Palibrk Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia

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Aleksandar Lesic Orthopaedic and Traumatology University Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia

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Henry DE Atkinson Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University College, London Medical School, North Middlesex University Hospital, UK

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fixation of the wrist in extension. 44 Surgical treatment Surgical treatment is indicated in cases when nerve transection is obvious, as in open injuries or when there is no clinical improvement after a period of conservative treatment. The

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J Tomás Rojas Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Orthopädie Sonnenhof, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Hospital San José – Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile

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Mustafa S Rashid Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, United Kingdom

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Matthias A Zumstein Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Orthopädie Sonnenhof, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow Unit, Sportsclinicnumber1, Bern, Switzerland
Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Campus Stiftung Lindenhof Bern, Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland

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with open reduction and internal fixation, generally either conservative treatment or arthroplasty is preferred. Stiffness after PHF develops in a significant proportion of patients, even in undisplaced fractures managed conservatively ( 3 ). PHFs

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Markus Jaschke Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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Krzysztof Rekawek Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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Sebastian Sokolowski Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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Lukasz Kolodziej Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Poland

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. showed in his biomechanical study a mean loss of 40% in supination and a mean loss of 30% in flexion in patients treated conservatively compared to immediate anatomical reattachment ( 31 ). Therefore, conservative treatment is a viable option in very low

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Mario Herrera-Pérez Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Pablo Martín-Vélez Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain

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David González-Martín Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Miguel Domínguez-Meléndez Foot and Ankle Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain

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Ahmed E Galhoum Specialty Doctor Trauma and Orthopaedics, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, UK

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Victor Valderrabano Schmerzklinik, Basel, Switzerland
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Sergio Tejero Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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daily practice. The decision to operate on these patients is complex and must be assessed case by case, although the literature has highlighted two aspects: conservative treatment is poorly tolerated in unstable fractures and conventional open reduction

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Elena Gálvez-Sirvent Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘Infanta Elena’ University Hospital, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain

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Aitor Ibarzábal-Gil Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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able to make a valid statement postoperatively, microbiological examination of smears and tissue samples even after long-run incubation and histology are needed. Intramedullary (IM) nail after other previous treatments (surgical and conservative

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Inmaculada Moracia-Ochagavía Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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, 3 However, early and accurate diagnosis of these injuries are fundamental requirements for their appropriate treatment and to prevent long-term sequelae. Men are two to four times more likely to suffer a Lisfranc joint injury, possibly because

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Philipp Schleicher Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Andreas Pingel Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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Frank Kandziora Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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/Grauer type C injuries); pseudarthroses or locked dislocations of older odontoid fractures after conservative treatment; unstable atlas ring fractures (Gehweiler 3b), which are not suitable for isolated osteosynthesis of the atlas. In Jefferson ‘burst

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