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critical thinking approach on the most common areas of controversy regarding ACL reconstruction. Using information collected from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, this instructional review discusses operative versus conservative treatment, timing of
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-operative treatment of Rockwood type I and type II lesions. 12 , 13 Currently, rather than ice and oral analgesic medication, the most accepted conservative treatment is sling immobilisation for a brief period. 13 The patient is encouraged to start range of
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experiments have formed the basis of conservative treatment in humans; namely early range of motion in a protective brace and controlled weight-bearing. Clinical findings Patients present with pain and swelling on the medial side of the knee after a
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four cases of bipartite sesamoids in athletes. 21 Three of the four cases were managed conservatively with observation but went on to have the distal pole of the sesamoid resected following progressive diastasis of the sesamoid. One patient had an
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asymptomatic tear in the contralateral knee. 44 Most degenerative cases respond adequately to conservative treatment with physical therapy and painkillers. 43 , 45 , 46 In contrast, traumatic tears are due to an acute overload, which surpasses the
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Casa di Cura Villa Betania, Rome, Italy
Marrelli Hospital, Crotone, Italy
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specialists trained in knee sonography. 21 , 22 Conservative treatment The treatment for isolated Grade I and II MCL injuries is mainly conservative, while for Grade III MCL injuries it depends on whether the injuries are isolated or combined
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Introduction Understanding the anatomy of the medial side of the knee is essential for a correct diagnosis and treatment of isolated medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears. Conservative treatment of these lesions usually provides good results
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injuries, explores current grading systems for stratifying injury severity, and discusses the indications and outcomes with non-operative and operative treatment for these injuries. An improved understanding of the management of these injuries may
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) and MCL injury, conservative treatment of the MCL with ACL reconstruction has been shown to provide good outcomes. 34 , 35 Halinen et al 34 reported, in their randomized controlled trial, that non-operative and operative treatment of MCL
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related to the patient and the lesion. 26 Non-operative management Non-operative management is useful for the initial treatment for acute knee trauma and as a first-line treatment method in degenerative meniscal tears. In the former situation
