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Mattia Alessio-Mazzola IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unità Clinica di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Giacomo Placella Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Luigi Zagra Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

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Orlando Leone Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Natasha Di Fabio Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Desiree Moharamzadeh IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unità Clinica di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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Vincenzo Salini Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milan, Italy

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increasing number of cases of TKA post-ACL reconstruction. The results of TKA following ACL reconstructions are still under-investigated as only a few researches ( 9 , 10 ) reported detailed outcomes and complications of this specific cohort of patients

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

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Hortensia De la Corte-Rodríguez Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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Primitivo Gómez-Cardero Department of Orthopedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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non-surgical treatment, surgical reconstruction of MLKIs is not without potential complications. 10 The diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of complications associated with surgical reconstruction of MLKIs are reviewed below. These complications are

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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contributed to the improvement in satisfaction after TKA; however, the incidence of complications is also increasing as the frequency of TKA increases. 1 More and more patients with symptomatic TKA will require the evaluation of an orthopaedic surgeon. In

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Joanna Baawa-Ameyaw Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Ricci Plastow Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Fahima Aarah Begum Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Babar Kayani Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Hyder Jeddy Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Fares Haddad Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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In symptomatic patients with moderate to high functional demands, ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is often recommended to enhance rehabilitation, facilitate early return to full sporting function and reduce the risk of long-term complications. The most

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Yusuf Omar Qalib Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
These authors contributed equally to this work

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Yicun Tang Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
These authors contributed equally to this work

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Dawei Wang Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

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Baizhou Xing Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

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Xingming Xu Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

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Huading Lu Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

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inadequate ACLR graft, but this hypothesis requires further confirmation. 58 Complications following ramp repair are rare and there are not many different types. Most common complications include symptoms related to inflammatory processes such as

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Alfonso Vaquero-Picado Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, ‘La Paz’ University Hospital, Spain

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meniscal tears for many years. It is a safe treatment, with a low rate of complications and reoperation. 26 However, meniscectomy affects knee biomechanics and, with time, seems to lead to early osteoarthritis. 55 It has been well documented that

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Vicente Carlos da Silva Campos Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal

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Francisco Guerra Pinto Hospital Ortopédico de Sant’Ana, Hospital Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, Universidad de Barcelona, Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal

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Diogo Constantino Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal

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Renato Andrade Clínica Do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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João Espregueira-Mendes Clínica Do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
School of Medicine, Minho University, Braga, Portugal

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– also known as ‘arthroscrape’ – is the most common complication. An analysis of 3714 arthroscopic procedures showed a 2% prevalence rate of iatrogenic chondral lesions. 8 These ‘minor’ cartilage injuries might result in chondrocyte death and

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Michele Boffano CTO Hospital Turin, Italy

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Stefano Mortera CTO Hospital Turin, Italy

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Hazem Wafa Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

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Raimondo Piana CTO Hospital Turin, Italy

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primary AC joint fixation consisted of pin fixation using Kirschner-wires (K-wires) after reduction; this method was abandoned because of the development of severe complications including pin migration, with potential damage to nerves, vessels and spinal

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Francisco Figueroa Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Hospital Sotero del Rio, Santiago, Chile

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David Figueroa Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

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Rafael Calvo Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

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Alex Vaisman Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile

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João Espregueira-Mendes Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Portugal; Dom Henrique Research Centre, Portugal; 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Portugal; ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Portugal; Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Portugal

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Introduction Knee septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is an uncommon but devastating complication, with a reported incidence of 0.14% to 1.7% on the literature. 1 , 2 Even providing state of the art

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Fahima A. Begum Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Babar Kayani Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Justin S. Chang Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Rosamond J. Tansey Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Fares S. Haddad Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Furthermore, most studies are retrospective case series with limited data on functional outcomes and complications reported at short-term follow-up only. 7 , 12 , 13 Fig. 1 Intra-operative photograph showing the avulsed proximal rectus femoris tendon

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