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Jie Xiang Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Weibo Zhao Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Xiao Luo Department of Radiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Zhenghua Hong Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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by the severity of neurologic deficits, the influence of early cardiovascular changes secondary to SSDH cannot be ignored. Herein, we reported a case of a patient with acute SSDH and presenting with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) and reviewed the

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Scott D. Middleton Scott D. Middleton, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Ralf Wagner Ralf Wagner, Ligamenta Spine Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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J. N. Alastair Gibson J. N. Alastair Gibson, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Infirmary and University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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case reports describing simple discectomy, 5 - 7 refinements of technique led to several variations in surgical approach. Posterolateral transforaminal decompression started as an ‘inside-out’ approach accessing the disc through a lateral

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Hua Luo Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Chaojun Shen Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Tongyou Qu Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang China

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Lin Chen Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yue Sun Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China

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Yu Ren Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang China

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effects of topically-used TXA was done. Case report A 43-year-old male with good health without an extraordinary drug history record suffered recurrent backache for 3 years without apparent incentives, relieved after rest and aggravated after

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Rory D. S. Gibson Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK

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Ralf Wagner Ligamenta Spine Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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J. N. Alastair Gibson The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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required and reference lists of each study checked for missing reports. Animal studies, biomechanical studies, purely technical notes with no quantitative outcome data and meeting presentation abstracts were excluded. Case reports were referenced and

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Michiel Vande Kerckhove Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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Henri d'Astorg Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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Sonia Ramos-Pascual ReSurg SA, Nyon, Switzerland

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Mo Saffarini ReSurg SA, Nyon, Switzerland

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Vincent Fiere Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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Marc Szadkowski Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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) synthesized the literature reporting outcomes of endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy and reported satisfactory results after pooling of complications, revisions, and clinical improvements. Giordan et al. included 14 case series and did not identify any studies

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Spyridon Sioutis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Lampros Reppas First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Achilles Bekos First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Eleftheria Soulioti Second Department of Anaesthesiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Theodosis Saranteas Second Department of Anaesthesiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Dimitrios Koulalis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Georgios Sapkas First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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four cases of primary intramedullary hydatid cyst have been reported in the literature. 32 – 35 Type 2 disease or intradural extramedullary cyst is extremely rare as well; only 45 cases have been reported in the literature as of 2013, 36 one

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Tian Cheng Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Elisabet Einarsdottir Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

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Juha Kere Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNut), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland

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Paul Gerdhem Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

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results and conclusions. Quality of the reports was assessed by semi-quantitative grading using the Study Quality Assessment Tools for case–control studies, available at www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools independently by TC

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Charles Court Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Leonard Chatelain Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Barthelemy Valteau Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Charlie Bouthors Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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compression, a partial recovery of sphincter function was reported after surgery with decompression and lumboiliac fixation; in the case of complete lesion or radicular avulsion, only 36% of patients showed partial recovery. Indirect decompression is

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Andreas F. Mavrogenis Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis D. Megaloikonomos Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Vasileios G. Igoumenou Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Georgios N. Panagopoulos Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Efthymia Giannitsioti Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Antonios Papadopoulos Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

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the time. The latter concerns < 10% of cases and it is mostly reported after contiguous infection spread. 37 A distant infection site has been identified in almost half of spondylodiscitis patients. 16 , 37 Common distant infection sites

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Kamil Cagri Kose Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey

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Omer Bozduman Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey

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Ali Erkan Yenigul Urfa State Hospital Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey

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Servet Igrek Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey

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balance by an average of 9 cm with an upper limit of 19 cm. If more correction is needed, the osteotomy level can be changed to L4, or in some cases a two-level osteotomy may be planned. 11 Kim et al reported an improvement of 11.2 ± 7.2 cm in the

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