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Kellgren and Lawrence ( 9 , 10 ). The treatment the patient received (surgical or conservative) did not affect inclusion. Case reports or studies on cadavers were excluded. Also excluded were studies with a combination of fractures including pilon
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, Maskill et al reported good results of gastrocnemius recession at the musculotendinous junction to treat different cases of foot pain (metatarsalgia and PF). 73 Isolated proximal medial gastrocnemius release has been reported for refractory PF with
Orthopaedic Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
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University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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( 106 ) and the authors use them routinely ( Fig. 4B ). Headless screws are not recommended because of difficulty in removal ( 108 ). Plate removal has been reported in up to 31% of cases ( 111 ). It is important to note that removal of hardware may
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studies and (iii) case reports. Table 1 Overview of included studies. Reference Study design Level of evidence Minors, n Patients, n Age (years)* Gender ratio (M/F) Follow-up (months)* Zhou et al . (37) RCS III
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. Literature review We conducted an extensive literature review without time or language restrictions using relevant databases and web browsers (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Google). We found a total of 179 cases reported in 72 studies
Osteoarticular Surgery Research, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research – IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital – Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain
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injuries happened through direct injury by portal or distractor pin placement. Also, 1 case of complex regional pain syndrome was found. Freedman & Barron ( 10 ) 1998 Case report NA 1 Complete division of the posterior tibial nerve due to an
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reports considered. Table 1. Summary of ankle arthroplasties from joint registry data Source Time range Total cases Most common indication Most common prosthesis overall Most common prosthesis in latest year Revision rate
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. However, long-term follow-up in the largest individual series of 13 reported cases treated non-operatively showed that six months after sustaining an injury, nearly 50% of patients had symptoms severe enough to warrant subsequent surgical intervention. 6
Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nisantasi Ortopedi Merkezi, Hakkı Yeten Cad., Unimed Center, No:19, 34365 Fulya, Istanbul, Turkey
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surgery (12 to 25 weeks vs 6 to 8 weeks). Four case-series cited the treatment of OLs with hindfoot arthroscopy. 2 Ögüt et al’s case-series was the only one to report the results of posterior debridement and microfracture and they found an
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fracture nonunions. Thirdly, studies have reported data from a large registry, with foot and ankle cases forming part of a subgroup analysis. Fourthly, LIPUS therapy has been studied as a standalone intervention, whilst others report its use as an adjunct
