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Christos Garnavos Orthopaedic and Trauma Department, ‘Evangelismos’ General Hospital, Athens, Greece

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. 11 – 15 General guidelines - The ‘blocking’ screw must engage firmly both cortices of the bone. - The ‘blocking’ screw must not be inserted too close to the fracture site in order to avoid further fracture comminution, either by

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Luca Pierannunzii Gaetano Pini Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy

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Luigi Zagra Gaetano Pini Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy
IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy

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Introduction Bone loss is a major concern of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). While on the femoral side the problem is commonly solved by passing the defect through long stems seeking distal fixation in the healthy diaphysis, on the

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Pengqiang Lou Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Guangzhi Zhou Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Bo Wei Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Xiaolei Deng Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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Decai Hou Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China

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, osteoblast reduction, osteoclast increase, and bone remodeling imbalance ( 11 ) lead to the accumulation of a large number of microfractures in the femoral head, involving the subchondral bone, which eventually manifests as the collapse of the subchondral

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Akintunde George Centre for Integrated Bioprocessing Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK

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Marianne Ellis Centre for Integrated Bioprocessing Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK

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Harinderjit Singh Gill Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK

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Anterioposterior radiography of a 27-year-old female sickle cell patient with right femoral head avascular necrosis. This review seeks to outline the pathophysiology of sickle cell bone disease, its treatment and the recognized complication of implant

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George C. Babis 2nd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Konstantopouleio Hospital, Greece

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Vasileios S. Nikolaou 2nd Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Konstantopouleio Hospital, Greece

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for orthopaedists. Especially acetabular reconstruction and the management of acetabular bone loss can be demanding and challenging, even for the experienced revision arthroplasty surgeon. Perhaps of all the difficult scenarios that a surgeon can

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Joseph J Ruzbarsky Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA

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Rui W Soares Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

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Spencer M Comfort Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA

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Justin W Arner Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

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Marc J Philippon Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
Steadman Clinic and United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Vail, Colorado, USA

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regeneration while reducing fibrosis in a skeletal muscle injury model ( 25 ). Utsunomiya et al. ( 12 ) performed a murine study that looked into improving cartilage repair with regulated bone marrow stimulation while also blocking the effects of TGF-β1

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Vasileios F Pegios Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Eustathios Kenanidis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Stavros Tsotsolis Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Michael Potoupnis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Eleftherios Tsiridis Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece

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( 18 ). BPs inhibit osteoclast activity, thus impeding bone resorption, suppressing the bone remodeling process, and ultimately increasing bone mineral density (BMD), effectively reducing the fracture risk ( 19 ). The BPs’ impact on implant fixation in

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Bülent Atilla Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

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measured and recorded. Wooden blocks under the short leg help to determine the degree of correction of the pelvic obliquity. Imaging Anteroposterior and lateral plane leg length radiographs should be obtained for all patients. A shallow acetabulum

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Demien Broekhuis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Rutger Tordoir Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Zoe Vallinga Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Jan Schoones Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Bart Pijls Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Rob Nelissen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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and AAOS type 3 and 4 defects demonstrate severe bone loss of the acetabular rim and supporting structures, such as the medial wall and the anterior/posterior column with possible pelvic discontinuity ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). Over the past decades, multiple

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Andy Craig Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK

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S W King Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK

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B H van Duren Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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V T Veysi Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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S Jain Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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J Palan Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
Leeds Institute of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK

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spacers associated with more significant bone loss One subluxed static block (2.1%) 91.7% NSD Faschingbauer et al . (84) CS 133 n/a Static, handmade – – – 14 (10.5%): 12 periprosthetic fractures (9.1%), 1 spacer fracture (0

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