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James Wee Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore

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Gowreeson Thevendran Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore

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form that is commonly used in orthopaedic surgery as it has a finer micro-architecture with porosity resembling cancellous bone, allowing more rapid resorption. 56 TCP is usually available as granules or in blocks, and has similar strength to

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Alessio Bernasconi Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Public Health, “Federico II” Naples University, Naples, Italy

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François Lintz Clinique de l’Union, Saint-Jean, France

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Francesco Sadile Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Public Health, “Federico II” Naples University, Naples, Italy

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the subtalar joint without blocking it. 47 The concept of ‘manipulation’ of the subtalar joint in approaching flatfoot was firstly reported in 1946 by Chambers, 48 who described the impaction of a wedge-shaped bone block into the anterior

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Mustafa S. Rashid Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

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Yves Tourné Institut Grenoblois de Chirurgie du Pied, Echirolles, France

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Kar H. Teoh Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK

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vertebrae and the skull Treatment of stress fractures Osseous defects of the vertebra and the skull Accelerating repair following osteotomy Pregnant or breast-feeding women Accelerating repair in bone transport procedures Pathological

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Young Yi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital, 85, 2-ga, Jeo-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-032, Republic of Korea

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Woochun Lee Seoul Foot and Ankle Center, Dubalo Orthopaedic Clinic, 764-30, Bang bae dong, Seochogu, Seoul, 06554, Republic of Korea.

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, the patient’s weight is borne by a small area, and additional pressure on that small area further aggravates the degenerative process. This pathological pressure on the subchondral bone 8 and living cartilage causes circumscribed joint

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Carlos Maynou CHU Lille, Orthopaedic Department, F-59000 Lille, France

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Christophe Szymanski CHU Lille, Orthopaedic Department, F-59000 Lille, France

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Alexis Thiounn CHU Lille, Orthopaedic Department, F-59000 Lille, France

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aetiologies of unequal frequency that account for cavovarus foot deformities. Traumatic causes are rare (improperly treated fracture or subluxation of the tarsal bones or scarring from a burn of the sole of the foot). Cavovarus deformity has been long

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Martin Riegger Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Nermine Habib Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hopital fribourgeois (HFR) – Freiburger Spital (HFR), Fribourg, Switzerland

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Enrique Adrian Testa Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland

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Jochen Müller Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Marco Guidi Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Kantonsspital, Aarau, Switzerland

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Christian Candrian Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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) *No plate has been tested; **No anatomic model: only synthetic bone block in testing protocol. DEXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (for meauring bone density); NR, not relevant. Location of the companies mentioned are as follows - Arthrex: FL

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Kinner Davda Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Karan Malhotra Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Paul O’Donnell Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Dishan Singh Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Nicholas Cullen Department of Foot & Ankle Surgery, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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peroneus brevis and plantaris tendon 43 have all been described in order to re-inforce the SPR using a transosseous fibular tunnel with varying success. Bone block procedures The distal fibula is either rotated or translated posteriorly

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Bryant Ho Hinsdale Orthopaedics, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA

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Judith Baumhauer University of Rochester, Department of Orthopaedics, Rochester, New York, USA

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bone loss in conversion to arthrodesis is potentially decreased when using silastic and all metal implants, it is still a complicating factor that may require a bone block ( Fig. 3 ). Fig. 3 Failed hemiarthroplasty. a and b) anteroposterior and

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Önder İ. Kılıçoğlu Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey

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Mehmet Demirel Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey

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Şamil Aktaş Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey

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Introduction Diabetic foot problems include ulcers, infection and Charcot arthropathy, along with numerous underlying risk factors, including peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, impaired immune function and delayed bone healing

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Mario Herrera-Pérez Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Department of Surgery, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Victor Valderrabano Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Schmerzklinik, Basel, Switzerland
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

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Alexandre L Godoy-Santos Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Israelita, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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César de César Netto Director of the UIOWA Orthopedic Functional Imaging Research Laboratory (OFIRL), Iowa, USA
Department of Orthopedic and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA

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David González-Martín Foot and Ankle Unit, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Department of Surgery, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

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Sergio Tejero Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
Department of Surgery, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

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joint space, but early sclerosis and formation of osteophytes 2 Narrowing of the medial joint space 3A Obliteration of this space with subcondral bone contact (medial gutter only) 3B Extension of the obliterarion to the roof of

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