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Introduction Ankle instability is a clinical condition closely related with the traumatic event commonly known as ankle sprain, usually a supination trauma. This event is extremely frequent, being one of the top causes of Emergency Room visits
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and sports, ankle sprains have the highest incidence ( 4 ). The lateral ligament complex is the most frequently injured ( 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 ), and injury to this complex represents up to 85% of all ankle sprains ( 8 ). Chronic ankle instability (CAI
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instability. 4 Epidemiology Among all ankle injuries, ankle sprains are the most common and account for approximately 80%, 5 , 6 of which 77% are lateral sprains. 73% of lateral ankle sprains are due to rupture or tear of the ATFL. 7
Department of Surgery, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Department of Orthopedic and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
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Department of Surgery, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Department of Surgery, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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ligament instability, particularly those affecting the lateral collateral ankle ligament (which some authors call ligamentous ankle OA) ( Fig. 2 ) ( 8 , 9 ). Ankle instability increases the peak joint contact stresses of the ankle joint, resulting in
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pathologies are frequently encountered in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability or cavovarus hindfoot alignment, and usually result from prolonged, repetitive athletic activities or ankle inversion injuries. The management of these conditions is
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by immobilization in a brace ( 9 , 10 , 11 ). However, about 10 to 20% develop chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) and consequently require surgical ligament repair ( 12 , 13 ). The Broström technique as well as its modifications is considered
School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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( 25 ). Fracture stability The instability of the fracture has been considered an inclusion criterion in 6 of the 11 articles studied. Unstable ankle fractures are those which cannot be properly controlled using closed reduction and cast
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patients with OLT present ankle ligament laxity and 39% of patients with ankle instability present with an OLT ( 5 , 6 ). Subsequently, acute trauma and repetitive micro-traumata due to ankle instability and/or hindfoot malalignment seem to be a leading
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instability, valgus deformity, and degenerative changes ( 5 , 15 , 16 , 17 ). Resection of the distal fibula without reconstruction can result in functional deficits in the ankle joint, as the fibula plays an important role in ankle stability and movement
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Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
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years old. Implant size is critical when deciding the time of surgery in younger patients, especially when the deformity to be treated is around smaller joints such as the ankle. Available implants on the market are as small as 12 mm plates and 16 mm