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posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), whilst the medial aspect is supported by the deltoid ligament. 3 Ankle sprains can be either acute sprains, which can be further classified into three grades depending on the severity of the injury, or chronic
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giving way of the ankle, mechanical instability, pain and swelling, loss of strength, recurrent sprain and functional instability. The clinical picture might be grouped into the following presentations: ✓ A first acute sprain followed by pain
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(syndesmotic) or deltoid ligaments is not rare and associated injuries to the tendons around the ankle, cartilage damage and bone bruises are frequently induced in cases of acute ankle sprains. 6 , 7 These cases represent complex injuries of the ankle
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(less than six weeks), subacute (between six weeks and six months) and chronic (more than six months), as management will be different regarding the time frame. 2 Acute injuries can be categorised into stable and unstable. Stable sprains are
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Introduction Syndesmotic injuries occur in 20% of ankle fracture cases and in approximately 17% of all ankle sprains ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). Isolated syndesmotic injuries are referred to as high ankle sprains. These figures rise to up to 30% in
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Athletic Training 2002 37 364 – 375 . 14 Van Rijn RM van Os AG Bernsen RMD Luijsterburg PA Koes BW & Bierma-Zeinstra SMA . What is the clinical course of acute ankle sprains? A systematic literature review . American Journal of Medicine
University of Brighton, UK
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, which is often described as acute Charcot foot, remains a diagnostic challenge ( Fig. 2 ). It usually presents as a red, hot, swollen foot, and may be indistinguishable from other aetiologies of swollen foot such as cellulitis, sprains or deep vein
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injuries that may result in significant disability in cases of missed fractures, delayed diagnosis or inadequately treated fractures. A high index of suspicion is appropriate in cases of acute ankle sprains or persistent ankle pain after previous ankle
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Introduction Isolated injuries to the syndesmotic complex occur in approximately 1–17% of all ankle sprains ( 1 , 2 ) and in up to 30% in high-impact sports ( 3 ). Furthermore, the syndesmosis is injured in up to 13% of all ankle fractures
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3 Karlsson J Sancone M . Management of acute ligament injuries of the ankle . Foot and Ankle Clinics 2006 11 521 – 530 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcl.2006.07.008 ) 16971245 4 Brostrom L Sprained ankles. V. Treatment and prognosis in
