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Lars Adolfsson Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Linköping, Sweden

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-operative stiffness. To some extent this is probably due to the highly congruent construction that is necessary for stability and the ability to sustain loads via the long lever arm that is constituted by the forearm. The skeletal anatomy of the humero-ulnar joint in

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Mark F Siemensma Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Anna E van der Windt Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Eline M van Es Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Joost W Colaris Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Denise Eygendaal Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction Elbow stiffness can be a debilitating condition that significantly impacts a patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living ( 1 , 2 ). The elbow joint is particularly susceptible to stiffness due to its highly congruent

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Izaäk F. Kodde Orthopedic Center Antwerp, AZ Monica Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Jetske Viveen Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Bertram The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Roger P. van Riet Orthopedic Center Antwerp, AZ Monica Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium

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Denise Eygendaal Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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, stiffness, pain, oversizing or overlengthening, dissociation of the prosthesis, erosions of the capitellum and progressive symptomatic osteoarthritis of the ulnohumeral joint. 8 Since this embodies a broad range of complications, with variable (and

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Jetske Viveen Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre and University, Adelaide, Australia
Upper Limb Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Izaak F. Kodde Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Andras Heijink Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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Koen L. M. Koenraadt Foundation for Orthopedic Research, Care & Education, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands

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Michel P. J. van den Bekerom Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Denise Eygendaal Upper Limb Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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.01). §Intentionally loose-fit prostheses fail more often because of stiffness compared to press-fit protheses (p < 0.01). #Cemented prostheses fail more often because of ulnohumeral arthritis compared to press-fit prostheses and intentionally loose-fit prostheses (p

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Laurent Nové-Josserand Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Memoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

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/or excessive joint stiffness or ankylosis. Pre-operative imaging examinations are performed, consisting of a frontal radiograph and MRI or a CT scan for horizontal analysis, searching for: glenoid wear in the frontal plane particularly superiorly, with a

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Roberto Padua Orthopedics Working Group on Evidence Based Medicine, GLOBE, Rome, Italy
San Feliciano Group (Villa Aurora), Rome, Italy

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Laura de Girolamo Orthopaedics Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy

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Alberto Grassi IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

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Davide Cucchi Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany

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Shoulder stiffness (including adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder) Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff Shoulder pain of unspecified origin Other conditions of the shoulder (including infection and neoplasia) Statistical

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Tim Kraal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, The Netherlands

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Lijkele Beimers Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Slotervaart Center of Orthopedic Research & Education (SCORE), The Netherlands

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Bertram The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG Hospital, The Netherlands

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Inger Sierevelt Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Slotervaart Center of Orthopedic Research & Education (SCORE), The Netherlands

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Michel van den Bekerom Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG Hospital, The Netherlands

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Denise Eygendaal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital, The Netherlands

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Reeves. 8 Stage 1 is called the freezing stage, with severe pain with every motion and increasing stiffness. At stage 2, or the frozen stage, there is established stiffness but with reduced pain levels, but specific pain at the end range of motion

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Huub H. de Klerk Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Chantal L. Welsink Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Anne J. Spaans Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen/Boxmeer, The Netherlands

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Lukas P. E. Verweij Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Michel P. J. van den Bekerom Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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, stiffness, and a limitation in the range of motion (ROM). 3 According to the literature, the elbow joint is more affected by OA in men who perform strenuous manual work. 1 , 2 Essential parts of non-operative treatment are rest, anti

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Sophie Abrassart Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland

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Franck Kolo Rive Droite Radiology Centre, Geneva, Switzerland

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Sébastian Piotton Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland

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Joe Chih-Hao Chiu Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan

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Patrick Stirling ReSurg SA, Nyon, Switzerland

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Pierre Hoffmeyer Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

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Alexandre Lädermann Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital, Meyrin, Switzerland
Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland

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profession; across papers published over the past 70 years, alternative names put forward or utilized in leading journals have included ‘adhesive capsulitis’, 1 ‘fibrotic capsulitis’, 2 ‘primary idiopathic stiff shoulder’, 3 and ‘contracture of

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Luciano A. Rossi Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires City, Argentina

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Maximiliano Ranalletta Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires City, Argentina

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-thickness tear. The risk of stiffness after repair of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears is a concern. Huberty et al 49 evaluated the incidence of post-operative stiffness following arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. The authors retrospectively studied

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