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Manuel Monteagudo Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, UEM Madrid, Spain

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Pilar Martínez de Albornoz Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, UEM Madrid, Spain

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Borja Gutierrez Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, UEM Madrid, Spain

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José Tabuenca Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, UEM Madrid, Spain

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Ignacio Álvarez Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, UEM Madrid, Spain

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increases Achilles tendon tension and dorsiflexion stiffness of the ankle, thus increasing plantar fascia tension during weight-bearing activities. Damaging forces appear when leveraged forces are transmitted to the foot and ankle as the tibia (and the body

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Martin Riegger Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Nermine Habib Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hopital fribourgeois (HFR) – Freiburger Spital (HFR), Fribourg, Switzerland

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Enrique Adrian Testa Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland

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Jochen Müller Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Marco Guidi Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Kantonsspital, Aarau, Switzerland

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Christian Candrian Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland

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Diagnostic accuracy data (presented as mean n /mm) of tested materials in the included studies. The order of the included studies is chronological. Reference/ operation technique Maximum load to failure Initial stiffness of construct Final

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Jan Bartoníček Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice, Prague, Czech Republic

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Stefan Rammelt University Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany

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Michal Tuček Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice, Prague, Czech Republic

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consists in a timely and eventually open reduction of the fracture, careful examination, and follow-up of the patient. Other soft tissue complications associated with BF include skin necrosis ( 38 ), infection ( 37 ), and ankle stiffness, particularly

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Michael J. Raschke Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Westphaelian Wilhelms University Muenster, Waldeyer Strasse 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany

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Christoph Kittl Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Westphaelian Wilhelms University Muenster, Waldeyer Strasse 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany

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Christoph Domnick Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Westphaelian Wilhelms University Muenster, Waldeyer Strasse 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany

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phosphate cement resulted in better stability and stiffness, which theoretically could reduce both the non-weight-bearing post-operative period and the secondary articular collapse. However, one has to be cautious because these are time-zero studies with

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Wout Füssenich Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Gesine H Seeber Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Pius-Hospital, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

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Julian R Zwoferink Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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Matthijs P Somford Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands

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Martin Stevens Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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.3%. Joint preparation with convex/concave reamers and joint fixation with a plate with a lag screw shows the lowest non-union rate. Full postoperative weight-bearing in a stiff-soled postoperative shoe is safe and is not associated with non-union vs a more

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Karan Malhotra Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Kinner Davda Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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Dishan Singh Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK

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metatarsalgia. 15 Complications of a Weil osteotomy include malunion, excessive shortening, stiffness and a floating toe, which has been shown to be as high as 28% to 43%, and higher in the presence of PIPJ fusion. 33 , 35 A floating toe may occur due

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Xue Ling Chong Centre Assal SA, Foot and Ankle Surgery Centre, La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland

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Lisca Drittenbass Centre Assal SA, Foot and Ankle Surgery Centre, La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland

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Victor Dubois-Ferriere Centre Assal SA, Foot and Ankle Surgery Centre, La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland

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Mathieu Assal Centre Assal SA, Foot and Ankle Surgery Centre, La Colline, Geneva, Switzerland

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lesser metatarsals which have to be shortened and the required amount of shortening are calculated as per Maestro Index. Diaphyseal osteotomies avoid the frequent problem of stiffness and floating toes commonly associated with Weil’s osteotomies when such

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Matías Sepulveda Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
AO Foundation, LEGEC Expert Group, Davos, Switzerland

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Gabriel Orellana Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile

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Francisco Sanchez Clínica Puerto Varas, Puerto Varas, Chile
Clínica Puerto Montt, Puerto Montt, Chile

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Estefania Birrer Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile

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bundle peripheral to the affected metatarsal; this affects the distal vasculature and leads to loss of sensation of the toe. This technique may also lead to stiffness or instability at the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint. In addition, it is not

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Omar A. Al-Mohrej King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia

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Nader S. Al-Kenani King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia

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early as possible for the following reasons: to give time for the ice application to control pain and swelling; to improve and maintain the range of motion; and to minimize the risk of stiffness and muscle wasting, two factors which can delay the patient

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Bryant Ho Hinsdale Orthopaedics, Hinsdale, Illinois, USA

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Judith Baumhauer University of Rochester, Department of Orthopaedics, Rochester, New York, USA

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, primarily with dorsiflexion. Clinical evaluation Patients typically present with a history of pain and stiffness that is worse with activities, particularly with first MTP dorsiflexion involvement, such as stairs, running or push-ups. Discomfort during

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