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Amer Sebaaly School of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
Orthopedic Department, Spine Unit, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Sarah Farjallah Orthopedic Department, Spine Unit, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Khalil Kharrat Orthopedic Department, Spine Unit, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Gaby Kreichati School of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
Orthopedic Department, Spine Unit, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Mohammad Daher School of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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ossification of the ligamentum flavum and thoracic disk herniation, but it is not associated to an ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament ( 36 ). As a matter of fact, a recent study found that 95.2% of thoracic disc herniation occurs in patients

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Kamil Cagri Kose Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey

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Omer Bozduman Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey

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Ali Erkan Yenigul Urfa State Hospital Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey

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Servet Igrek Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey

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releases are insufficient to gain enough flexibility. Although osteotomies originally began as anteroposterior procedures, posterior-only procedures have gained wider acceptance in recent years. Osteotomy was a luxury in the past, applicable in only a few

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Emmanuelle Ferrero Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, France, APHP, Université Paris V

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Pierre Guigui Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, France, APHP, Université Paris V

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Introduction Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is defined as the slippage of one vertebra on the vertebra below, without any lysis of the posterior arch, unlike isthmic lysis spondylolisthesis ( Fig. 1 ). 1 Thus, DS is often responsible

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Charles Court Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Leonard Chatelain Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Barthelemy Valteau Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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Charlie Bouthors Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Spine and tumor Unit, Bicetre University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

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fracture (pelvis or acetabulum), 30% have at least one spinal or lower limb fracture, almost 16% have abdominal trauma, and almost 11% cranial trauma ( 4 ). Posterior skin and Morel-Lavallée lesions should be assessed and addressed accordingly

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Rory D. S. Gibson Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK

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Ralf Wagner Ligamenta Spine Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

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J. N. Alastair Gibson The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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constraints of the rib attachments but the spinal cord at the thoracic level is particularly vulnerable to surgical intervention. The natural thoracic kyphosis flattens the dural sheath against the posterior margin of the disc and the spinal cord’s mobility is

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Diogo Lino Moura Spine Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal, Coimbra, Portugal
Anatomy Institute and Orthopedics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

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morbidity of anterior approaches used for vertebral body corpectomy and replacement ( Fig. 1 ), even though showing good imaging and clinical outcomes, has led to an excessive trend to treat vertebral compression fractures merely by posterior pedicular

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Xun Wang Department of Orthopedics, Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Aiqi Zhang Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Wenchao Yao Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Chun'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Haiyan Qiu Department of Endocrinology, Afliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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Fabo Feng Department of Orthopedics, Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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into five main branches: posterior approaches of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), anterior approaches of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), extreme/direct lateral interbody fusion (XLIF

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G. Vilà-Canet ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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A. García de Frutos ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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A. Covaro ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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M.T. Ubierna ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain

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E. Caceres ICATME, Institut Universitari Quirón-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain

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of posterior ligamentous complex injuries in the management of spinal fractures. They concluded that MRI leads to an over-estimation of the number of posterior ligamentous complex injuries, and that there is a lack of clinical evidence of prognostic

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Eduardo Moreira Pinto Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery, Spine Division, Entre Douro e Vouga Hospital Center, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal

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Artur Teixeira Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery, Spine Division, Entre Douro e Vouga Hospital Center, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal

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Ricardo Frada Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery, Spine Division, Entre Douro e Vouga Hospital Center, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal

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Pedro Atilano Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery, Spine Division, Entre Douro e Vouga Hospital Center, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal

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António Miranda Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery, Spine Division, Entre Douro e Vouga Hospital Center, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal

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osteotomy at L3-L4, TLIF L1-L2 and T10 to ilium posterior fusion extension. (c and d) After one year of follow-up the patient developed an ASD at the cephalic level. The second revision was made with a T2 to ilium posterior fusion extension. The

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Amer Sebaaly Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Mohammad Daher Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Bendy Salameh Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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Ali Ghoul Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Samuel George Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

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Sami Roukoz Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

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use is limited by cost, radiation exposure and postural changes on curve ( 38 ). However, a 3D reconstruction is essential in preoperative planning to assess posterior anatomy of the spine and uncover up to 50% of additional abnormalities unexplored on

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