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(range: 51.4–91.9 years old) ( Table 1 ). Five patients presented multiple lesions requiring nailing: 52 IM nail fixations were performed. Indications to treatment were (i) impending fracture (21 cases) or pathologic fracture (30 cases) due to long bone

inadequate reduction of the articular step-off, secondary loss of reduction and material cut-out. 2 – 17 Thirdly, use of TKA might be indicated for pathological fractures of the distal femur and/or tibia in cases with poor bone stock or profound condylar

criteria were: an overall modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS) < 60, follow-up rate < 80%, pathological fractures, cadaver or biomechanical studies, and animal studies. The same reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for relevance

) patients with open fractures at their first injury; (2) pathological fractures; (3) suspected underlying infection; and (4) trials with animal studies or biomechanical studies. Risk of bias assessments Two investigators (Luo and Su) independently

blocking screws Yes – RIMN without poller screws 38.6 All patients with an infraisthmal femur fracture treated with a RIMN. Acute fracture only. Skeletally immature patients, pathologic fractures, and patients without sufficient radiographic follow

systematic reviews ( 8 ). *Wrong setting includes eight conservative fracture treatment, six periprosthetic fractures, five pediatric, two gunshots, one fusion study, one pathological fractures, one osteotomy, six pooling of data from conservative and

other publications, including (systematic) reviews, meta-analyses, Cochrane reviews, case reports, expert opinions, editorials, study protocols, non-comparative studies, those with insufficient information, pathological fractures, and non- English or