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Julie J. Willeumier Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Yvette M. van der Linden Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Michiel A.J. van de Sande Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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P.D. Sander Dijkstra Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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to pain, pathological fractures, immobility, decreased functioning, and hypercalcaemia. Over half of patients experience clinical symptoms for which treatment is required, 3 of whom only a minority are surgically treated. 4 In the long bones

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Stijn E. W. Geraets Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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P. Koen Bos Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Johan van der Stok Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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with impending or actual pathological fractures. 5 Those impending or actual pathological fractures regularly require surgical treatment in order to prevent or stabilize fractures. Surgical procedures used to stabilize impending or actual

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Miklós Szendrői Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Imre Antal Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Attila Szendrői Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Üllői 78/b, Hungary

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Áron Lazáry National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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Péter Pál Varga National Center for Spinal Disorders, H-1126 Budapest, Királyhágó u.1., Hungary

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finding the primary tumour site, but should be the last procedure in the diagnostic work-up because it weakens the affected bone and can lead to a pathological fracture. Approximately 20% of patients with bone metastases are referred with an actual

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Elisa Pala Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Giulia Trovarelli Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Andrea Angelini Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Maria Chiara Cerchiaro Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Pietro Ruggieri Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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until a pathologic fracture occurs. The treatment aims to prevent the pathologic fractures, restore the cortical thickness, and contain the recurrence. Multiple treatments have been proposed ranging from observation only to open curettage, and no

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Serkan Bayram Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ahmet Salduz Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ahmet Müçteba Yıldırım Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Korhan Özkan Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Levent Eralp Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Retired Professor of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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Harzem Özger Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Retired Professor of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

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), secondary osteoarthritis, tumor volume, distance from the joint cartilage, reoperation, follow-up time, Campanacci grade, and pathological fracture. Evaluation of the knee osteoarthritis stage was performed using the Kellgren and Lawrence classification

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Irina-Anca Eremia Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Mihnea Popa Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Adela Iancu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

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Silvia Nica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

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Catalin Cirstoiu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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move the right hip. These symptoms occurred while trying to chase after public transportation. Upon initial radiographic examination of the pelvis, a pathological fracture was observed at the specific location of interest (A). Following further medical

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Catalin Cirstoiu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Cretu Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Sergiu Iordache Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Mihnea Popa Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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Adrian Cursaru Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

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-old woman with bilateral subtrochanteric pathological fractures secondary to a cervical neoplasm, recently treated on the left side with a cephalointramedullary nail. (B) Postoperative image of the right femur after fracture fixation with a long

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Joaquim Soares do Brito Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal

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André Spranger Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal

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Paulo Almeida Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal

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José Portela Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal

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Irene Barrientos-Ruiz Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of La Paz, Madrid

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the curettage technique, and even though Campanacci grade III tumours seem to recur more often after curettage, the recurrence rates herein presented are often low. In this setting, it is important to highlight a trend toward pathologic fractures at

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Olga D. Savvidou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Panagiotis Koutsouradis Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 417 Veterans Hospital (NIMTS), Athens, Greece

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George D. Chloros First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Ioannis Papanastasiou First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Thomas Sarlikiotis First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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Aggelos Kaspiris Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology/ Sector for Bone Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

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Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘ATTIKON’ Hospital, Athens, Greece

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However, studies have also demonstrated the clonal neoplastic nature of the cyst. 56 Patients usually present with pain, swelling, enlarging mass and even a pathologic fracture in the elbow area. The symptoms are usually presented for several weeks

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Catalin Cirstoiu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Cretu Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Bogdan Serban Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Zsombor Panti Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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Mihai Nica Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Bucharest, Romania
University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania

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surgical control or delayed (secondary) amputations after a failed limb-sparing procedure. Another instance when amputation can be performed is when it serves as a palliative measure for non-resectable tumours complicated with pathological fractures, soft

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