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Xiaofeng Deng Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Haoran Xu Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Xiaoxia Hao Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Jiawei Liu Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Xingru Shang Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Tao Xu Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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. The progression of OA can cause a series of chronic and progressive symptoms including pain, morning stiffness, swelling, limited range of joint motion, and poor physical function, thus reducing a patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living

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Ali-Asgar Najefi Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK

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Luckshmana Jeyaseelan Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK

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Matthew Welck Foot & Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK

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will complain of pain, stiffness of the MTP joint and swelling. They may describe weakness in push-off. Clinical assessment begins with inspection of the great toe for swelling, ecchymosis or malalignment, as well as palpation of the collateral

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Vicente Carlos da Silva Campos Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal

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Francisco Guerra Pinto Hospital Ortopédico de Sant’Ana, Hospital Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, Universidad de Barcelona, Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal

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Diogo Constantino Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal

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Renato Andrade Clínica Do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

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João Espregueira-Mendes Clínica Do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
School of Medicine, Minho University, Braga, Portugal

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techniques. 17 – 22 The most frequent concerns in medial collateral release are the iatrogenic rupture of the MCL, saphenous nerve or vascular injury, residual instability and postoperative pain. 21 The prevalence of this surgical gesture has not

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Joanna Baawa-Ameyaw Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Ricci Plastow Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Fahima Aarah Begum Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Babar Kayani Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Hyder Jeddy Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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Fares Haddad Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, London, UK
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK

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-term anterior knee pain compared to BPTB grafts. The maximum load to failure in HT autografts is 4500 Newtons (N) compared to 2600 N in BPTB grafts. The main limitations of HT autografts are residual hamstring weakness, unpredictable graft size and saphenous

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Carlos A. Encinas-Ullán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain

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this subgroup of patients, arthroscopy has the potential to diagnose and treat the causes of post-arthroplasty pain. Knee arthroscopy is one of the most common procedures in orthopaedic surgery. It is particularly useful in a wide range of pathologies

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N. Reha Tandogan Çankaya Orthopedics, Ankara, Turkey

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Asim Kayaalp Çankaya Orthopedics, Ankara, Turkey

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experiments have formed the basis of conservative treatment in humans; namely early range of motion in a protective brace and controlled weight-bearing. Clinical findings Patients present with pain and swelling on the medial side of the knee after a

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Mohammad Shahid St Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B1W8, Canada
Walsall Manor Hospital, Moat Road, Walsall, WS2 9PS, UK

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Rik Kundra St Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B1W8, Canada
Walsall Manor Hospital, Moat Road, Walsall, WS2 9PS, UK

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and tachycardia. These were all self-limiting. 23 Another group reported 31 adverse events in those receiving PRP injections including post-injection pain, swelling at the site of injection and limitation in activities. These resolved by day four

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Fahima A. Begum Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Babar Kayani Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Justin S. Chang Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Rosamond J. Tansey Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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Fares S. Haddad Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University College Hospital, UK.

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site. 12 , 13 Clinical features Patients with acute proximal rectus femoris avulsion injuries most commonly present with sudden onset, severe anterior thigh pain. This may be accompanied by an overlying swelling and ecchymoses, with reduced

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Nikolaos K. Paschos University of California, Davis, USA

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Stephen M. Howell University of California, Davis, USA

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stability • Smaller incision/better cosmesis • Minor functional impairment from graft harvesting • Earlier regeneration of hamstrings Disadvantages • Higher incidence of anterior knee pain and kneeling pain • Increased incidence of OA post

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Francisco Figueroa Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

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David Figueroa Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile

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Rafael Calvo Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile

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Alex Vaisman Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile

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João Espregueira-Mendes Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
Dom Henrique Research Centre, Portugal
3Bs Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Braga, Portugal

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reconstruction with a BTB autograft provides superior static knee stability and less risk of graft failure, but with an increased postoperative complication rate when compared with an HT autograft. There is also concern regarding anterior knee pain, with a risk

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