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Martin Clementson Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Anders Björkman Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Niels O. B. Thomsen Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Introduction Post-traumatic radial-sided wrist pain is common and can represent a fracture, wrist sprain, ligament disruption or a combination of injuries. Previous studies have shown that a scaphoid fracture is the most common fracture among

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Benjamín Cancino Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

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Matías Sepúlveda Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile

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Estefanía Birrer Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

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injuries were non-accidental. Anatomy The ankle joint is made up of the distal portions of the tibia and the fibula, which form a mortise where the superior aspect of the talus articulates, stabilized by the ligament complexes of the

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Alfonso Vaquero-Picado Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Gaspar González-Morán Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Enrique Gil Garay Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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Luis Moraleda Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain

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tissues joining them (capsule, teres ligament, transverse ligament and pulvinar). The acetabulum is a complex structure in the growing child. It is formed by the joined pubis, isquion and ilion. This junction is called triradiate cartilage, which is

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Reinier Feitz Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Yara E. van Kooij Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Marloes H. P. ter Stege Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Mark J. W. van der Oest Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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J. Sebastiaan Souer Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Robbert M. Wouters Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Harm P. Slijper Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Ruud W. Selles Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Steven E. R. Hovius Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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Hand–Wrist Study Group RAM Blomme, BJR Sluijter, DJJC van der Avoort, A Kroeze, J Smit, J Debeij, ET Walbeehm, GM van Couwelaar, Guus M Vermeulen, JP de Schipper, JFM Temming, JH van Uchelen, HL de Boer, KP de Haas, K Harmsen, OT Zöphel, R Koch, TM Moojen, X Smit, GJ Halbesma, R van Huis, PY Pennehouat, K Schoneveld, YE van Kooij, RM Wouters, JJ Veltkamp, A Fink, WA de Ridder, J Tsehaie, R Poelstra, MC Janssen, PO Sun, VJMM Schrier, L Hoogendam, JS Teunissen, Jak Dekker, M Jansen-Landheer

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three commonly performed surgeries: trapeziectomy, CTR, and three-ligament tendon reconstruction of the wrist. For each treatment, medical outcome is shown for the individual physician relative to the overall average. The graphs used are similar to the

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Abdus S. Burahee The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Andrew D. Sanders The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Colin Shirley The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Dominic M. Power The Peripheral Nerve Injury Service, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the elbow joint capsule. The roof is formed by Osborne’s fascia with a thickened proximal edge termed Osborne’s band. Distally the fascial roof merges with the aponeurosis between the humeral and ulnar heads of

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Javier Masquijo Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Sanatorio Allende, Córdoba, Argentina

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Alpesh Kothari Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK

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abnormalities, 5 soft-tissue instability 27 and knee activity-related positioning, have also been implicated. 28 Anatomic variation in the lateral femoral condyle 29 and posterior cruciate ligament morphology, 30 as well as the presence

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Thomas J. Holme Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Trauma & Orthopaedics, Carshalton, UK

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Marta Karbowiak Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Trauma & Orthopaedics, Guildford, UK

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Jennifer Clements Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Trauma & Orthopaedics, Carshalton, UK

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Ritesh Sharma Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Trauma & Orthopaedics, Carshalton, UK

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Johnathan Craik Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Trauma & Orthopaedics, Carshalton, UK

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Najab Ellahee Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Trauma & Orthopaedics, Carshalton, UK

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comparative studies The resection arthroplasty groups underwent trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) using flexor carpi radialis (FCR) in five studies, 9 , 10 , 13 , 21 , 48 abductor pollicis longus (APL) in two

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Ioannis Gkiatas Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

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Anastasia Boptsi Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

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Dimitra Tserga Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

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Ioannis Gelalis Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

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Dimitrios Kosmas Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

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Emilios Pakos Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

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way, perichondrium-dependent skeletal development, such as that of tendons and ligaments, is inhibited. BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) is a TGF Beta family member which participates in differentiation and proliferation of perichondrial cells and

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Sitanshu Barik Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

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Sebastian Farr Orthopedic Hospital Speising, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Adult Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vienna, Austria

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metatarsal ligament, consequently leading to altered forefoot contact with the ground and excessive pressure. 22 Additionally, in brachymetatarsia of the first metatarsal, the effectiveness of the ‘toe-off’ phase of the gait cycle is reduced, which may

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Maik Sliepen Institut für Experimentelle Muskuloskelettale Medizin (IEMM), Universitätsklinikum Münster (UKM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Germany

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Matthijs Lipperts AHORSE, Department of Orthopaedics, Zuyderland Medical Centre, The Netherlands

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Marianne Tjur Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark

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Inger Mechlenburg Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
Centre of Research in Rehabilitation (CORIR), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Denmark

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count as activity or outcome parameters. Time spent in MVPA has been used in the assessment of knee osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. 15 , 30 , 31 Time spent in different postures and activities has further been

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