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Anatomy The scapholunate (SL) ligament (SLL) is the most commonly injured carpal ligament. 1 The SLL is C-shaped and has three structurally distinct parts: volar; membranous; and dorsal ( Fig. 1 ). 2 The dorsal part of the SLL is the
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Introduction The term syndesmotic injury is used to describe a lesion of the ligaments that connect the distal fibula and the tibial notch surrounded on both sides by the anterior and posterior tibial tubercles, with or without an associated
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Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common orthopaedic techniques performed worldwide. ACL injuries occur with increasing incidence, from approximately 33 cases in 100 000 in 1994 to between 40 and
Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
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Dom Henrique Research Centre, Portugal
3Bs Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Braga, Portugal
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Introduction The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly injured knee ligament, and an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most frequently associated injury after an MCL lesion. 1 – 4 Successful outcomes after
ICATKnee, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia i Medicina de l’Esport (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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ICATKnee, Institut Catalá de Traumatologia i Medicina de l’Esport (ICATME), Hospital Universitari Dexeus, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Introduction Surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is supported in the international literature as the treatment of choice in sports-active patients due to the fundamental role of the ACL in joint kinematics and in
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Introduction Understanding the anatomy of the medial side of the knee is essential for a correct diagnosis and treatment of isolated medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears. Conservative treatment of these lesions usually provides good results
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Introduction Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears are not as frequent as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. They are rare as an isolated injury and more commonly occur in a multi-ligament-injured knee. 1 Although it is well
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Casa di Cura Villa Betania, Rome, Italy
Marrelli Hospital, Crotone, Italy
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Introduction The posterior oblique ligament (POL) was described for the first time by Hughston and Eilers in 1973 who assigned clinical and biomechanical significance of the knee’s stability to it. 1 Subsequently, however, Robinson et al
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Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
School of Medicine, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
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valgus force to the knee helps to expose the medial compartment during knee arthroscopy, but it is important to consider the potential risk of medial collateral ligament (MCL) rupture or avulsion fracture in the femur. 11 The use of a joint
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Princess Grace Hospital, London, UK
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Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries account for over half of all knee injuries sustained during sporting activity, with an estimated annual incidence of 30–78 injuries per 100,000 persons, with rising rates particularly in