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Hamid Rahmatullah Bin Abd Razak Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
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Daniel Chew Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Zepur Kazezian Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

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Anthony M.J. Bull Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

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  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a global health issue with myriad pathophysiological factors and is one of the most common causes of chronic disability in adults due to pain and altered joint function.

  • The end stage of OA develops from a destructive inflammatory cycle, driven by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).

  • Owing to the less predictable results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in younger patients presenting with knee OA, there has been a surge in research evaluating less invasive biological treatment options, one of which is autologous protein solution (APS).

  • APS is an autologous blood derivative obtained by using a proprietary device, made of APS separator, which isolates white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets in a small volume of plasma, and APS concentrator, which further concentrates platelets, WBCs and plasma proteins, resulting in a concentrated solution with high levels of growth factors including the anti-inflammatory mediators against IL-1β and TNFα.

  • A single intraarticular injection of APS appears to be a promising solution for treatment of early-stage OA from current evidence, the majority of which comes from preclinical studies.

  • More clinical studies are needed before APS can be widely accepted as a treatment modality for OA.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:716-726. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200040

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